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Bcem 341 > Lecture 1: Intro to lipids > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Intro to lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids are —– molecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents

A

water insoluble

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2
Q

5 Classes of lipids:

A
  1. Free fatty acids
  2. Triacyglycerols
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Glycolipids
  5. Steroids
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3
Q

What are free fatty acids for?

A

Fuel, building blocks for membrane lipids

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4
Q

What are triacylglycerols for?

A

Storage form of fatty acids

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5
Q

What are phospholids?

A

Fatty acids with a charged phosphoryl group

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6
Q

What are glycolipids

A

Lipids attached to carbohydrate

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7
Q

What are steroids?

A

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

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8
Q

Out of the 5 classes of lipids which are membrane lipids?

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Glycolipids
  • Steroids
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9
Q

Fatty acid structure

A

Hydrocarbons with a terminal carboxylic acid groups

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10
Q

Palmitate fatty acid structure, systematic name

A
  • 16 Carbons, no double bonds
  • n-Hexadecanoate
  • CH3(CH2)14COO-
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11
Q

Fatty acid naming conventions

A
  1. carbon 1 is at the carboxyl terminus
  2. Carbon 2 is called alpha
  3. Carbon 3 is called beta
  4. The last carbon is called omega (w)
  5. △ marks the position of a double bond
  6. Cis-△6 means there is a cis double bond between carbons 6 and 7
  7. Trans-△6 means there is a trans double bond between carbon 6 and 7
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12
Q

Stearate fatty acid structure, systematic name

A
  • n-Octadecanoate
  • 18 carbons, no double bond
  • CH3(CH2)16COO-
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13
Q

Oleate fatty acid structure, systematic name

A
  • 18 carbons, 1 double bond at carbon 9
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14
Q

Name this

A
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15
Q

What is the root names for 18 carbon fatty acid chain from no double bond to 4 double bond?

A
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16
Q

What is the systematic name, struture of a-linolenate

A
17
Q

a-linolenate is also known as

A
  • omega 3 fatty acid
18
Q

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for laurate

A
  • common name: Laurate
  • Ch3(CH2)10COO-
  • n-Dodecanoate
  • 12 carbons, no double bonds
19
Q

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for myristate

A
  • common name: myristate
  • 14 carbons no double bond
  • n-Tetradecanoate
  • ## CH3(CH2)12COO-
20
Q

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for palmitoleate

A
  • 16 carbons, 1 double bond at carbon 9
  • cis-△9-Hexadecenoate
21
Q

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for linoleate

A

-18 carbons, 2 double bonds
- cis, cis-△9, △12-Octadecadienoate

22
Q

Draw me trans-Oleate

A
23
Q

What is the chemical structure for Glycerol

A
24
Q

Chemical structures for: phosphatidate (diacylglycerol 3-phosphate)

A
25
Q

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylserine

A
26
Q

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylcholine

A
27
Q

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylethanolamine

A
28
Q

Chemical structures for: diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

A
29
Q

Properties of fatty acids are dependent on: (2)

A
  1. Chain length (ex: 16, 18 or 20 carbons)
  2. Degree of saturation
30
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have a —- melting point then saturated fatty acids of the same length

A
  • lower melting point
31
Q

Shorter carbon chains have a —– than longer carbon chains

A

lower melting point

32
Q

Van der waals interactions between hydrocarbon tails is distrupted by —–

A

cis double bonds

33
Q

Talk about bacon fat

A
  • lots of stearate (18:0)
  • saturayed
  • which is why it is solid at room temp
34
Q

Talk about olive oil/vegetable oil

A
  • oleate (FA with 18C and 1 double bond)
  • liquid and not solid at RT so lower MT due to double bond
35
Q

How is a triglyceride structured?

A

3 fatty acids esterified to a glycerol scaffold

36
Q

Fatty acids in animals (4)

carbon atoms, config for DB

A
  • even number of carbon atoms (12-20)
  • 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids are most common
  • The confirguration at double bonds is usually cis
  • Double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids are seperated by at least 1 methylene -ch2- group
37
Q

Triaglycerols are efficient form of stored energy because (3):

+compared to a carbohydrate?

A
  • hydrophobic molecule that packs tightly
  • fatty acids are highly reduced molecules (Lots of energy in bond and can be used by metabolizing)
  • more energy per gram of triacyglycerol then a carbohydrate

Bcem 341 (32 decks)

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