Lecture 1: Intro to lipids

Question 1

Lipids are —– molecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents

Answer 1

water insoluble

Question 2

5 Classes of lipids:

Answer 2

1. Free fatty acids
2. Triacyglycerols
3. Phospholipids
4. Glycolipids
5. Steroids

Question 3

What are free fatty acids for?

Answer 3

Fuel, building blocks for membrane lipids

Question 4

What are triacylglycerols for?

Answer 4

Storage form of fatty acids

Question 5

What are phospholids?

Answer 5

Fatty acids with a charged phosphoryl group

Question 6

What are glycolipids

Answer 6

Lipids attached to carbohydrate

Question 7

What are steroids?

Answer 7

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

Question 8

Out of the 5 classes of lipids which are membrane lipids?

Answer 8

• Phospholipids
• Glycolipids
• Steroids

Question 9

Fatty acid structure

Answer 9

Hydrocarbons with a terminal carboxylic acid groups

Question 10

Palmitate fatty acid structure, systematic name

Answer 10

• 16 Carbons, no double bonds
• n-Hexadecanoate
• CH3(CH2)14COO-

Question 11

Fatty acid naming conventions

Answer 11

1. carbon 1 is at the carboxyl terminus
2. Carbon 2 is called alpha
3. Carbon 3 is called beta
4. The last carbon is called omega (w)
5. △ marks the position of a double bond
6. Cis-△6 means there is a cis double bond between carbons 6 and 7
7. Trans-△6 means there is a trans double bond between carbon 6 and 7

Question 12

Stearate fatty acid structure, systematic name

Answer 12

• n-Octadecanoate
• 18 carbons, no double bond
• CH3(CH2)16COO-

Question 13

Oleate fatty acid structure, systematic name

Answer 13

• 18 carbons, 1 double bond at carbon 9

Question 14

Name this

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the root names for 18 carbon fatty acid chain from no double bond to 4 double bond?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the systematic name, struture of a-linolenate

Answer 16

Question 17

a-linolenate is also known as

Answer 17

• omega 3 fatty acid

Question 18

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for laurate

Answer 18

• common name: Laurate
• Ch3(CH2)10COO-
• n-Dodecanoate
• 12 carbons, no double bonds

Question 19

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for myristate

Answer 19

• common name: myristate
• 14 carbons no double bond
• n-Tetradecanoate
• ## CH3(CH2)12COO-

Question 20

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for palmitoleate

Answer 20

• 16 carbons, 1 double bond at carbon 9
• cis-△9-Hexadecenoate

Question 21

What is the common name, systematic name and structure for linoleate

Answer 21

-18 carbons, 2 double bonds
- cis, cis-△9, △12-Octadecadienoate

Question 22

Draw me trans-Oleate

Answer 22

Question 23

What is the chemical structure for Glycerol

Answer 23

Question 24

Chemical structures for: phosphatidate (diacylglycerol 3-phosphate)

Answer 24

Question 25

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylserine

Answer 25

Question 26

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylcholine

Answer 26

Question 27

Chemical structures for: phosphatidylethanolamine

Answer 27

Question 28

Chemical structures for: diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

Answer 28

Question 29

Properties of fatty acids are dependent on: (2)

Answer 29

1. Chain length (ex: 16, 18 or 20 carbons) 2. Degree of saturation

Question 30

Unsaturated fatty acids have a ---- melting point then saturated fatty acids of the same length

Answer 30

- lower melting point

Question 31

Shorter carbon chains have a ----- than longer carbon chains

Answer 31

lower melting point

Question 32

Van der waals interactions between hydrocarbon tails is distrupted by -----

Answer 32

cis double bonds

Question 33

Talk about bacon fat

Answer 33

- lots of stearate (18:0) - saturayed - which is why it is solid at room temp

Question 34

Talk about olive oil/vegetable oil

Answer 34

- oleate (FA with 18C and 1 double bond) - liquid and not solid at RT so lower MT due to double bond

Question 35

How is a triglyceride structured?

Answer 35

3 fatty acids esterified to a glycerol scaffold

Question 36

Fatty acids in animals (4) | carbon atoms, config for DB

Answer 36

- even number of carbon atoms (12-20) - 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids are most common - The confirguration at double bonds is usually cis - Double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids are seperated by at least 1 methylene -ch2- group

Question 37

Triaglycerols are efficient form of stored energy because (3): | +compared to a carbohydrate?

Answer 37

- hydrophobic molecule that packs tightly - fatty acids are highly reduced molecules (Lots of energy in bond and can be used by metabolizing) - more energy per gram of triacyglycerol then a carbohydrate