Lecture 2 - Jan 9 Flashcards
what are the three planes and corresponding axes
frontal plane (Front/back) + saggital axois
saggital plane (L+R) + drontal axis
Transverse plane (top/bottom) + vertical axis
what plane does flexion/estension occur in?
saggital plane - decreases increase angle with the frontal plane
abduction/adduction is moving towards or away from the ____ plane but occurs in teh
saggital plane, occurs in the frontal plane
overhead press occurs on the ___ and __ axis
saggital plane, frontal axis
walking occurs in
saggital plane, frontal axis
a jumping jack or cartwheel occurs in__ pland and __ axis
fronal plaen + saggital acis
spinning, thjowring or gold seing occur in __ palne + __ axis
trasnver plane, vertical axis
back squat occurs in ___ plane
saggital plabe
straight arm lateral raise in ___ plane
frontal
inversiob/eversion in ___ plane
frontal
internal/external rotaion occurs in ___ plane
trasnverse
horiziontal adduction/abuction
transverse
what plaen do bench presss/pushup occur in? what are these movements called?
occur in the transiver plane - horizontal abduction/adduciton
origin is ___ and insetion is ___
proxzimal, distal
the agonist is the ___ while the antagonist is the __
agonsit is the prime mover and antagonist is for joint stabilizaiton/braking
what are braking movements improtant for and what type of msucle performs these movements
protecting cartilaginous joint like biceps in throwing - braking at the end of movement by the anatagonist muscle protects catilaghinous joitns
what is a synerist and what does it do?
assists indirectly in movement - hold multijoints with movements - for exmaple rectus femoris and gluteals in a squat
what is a fixator and what does it do?
type of synergist that immobilizes origin of muscle so all tension is atinsetion point
Example of a fixator is the rotator cuff muscles. These muscles stabilize the shoulder joint, allowing the larger muscles (like the deltoid) to perform actions like arm abduction without the shoulder joint becoming unstable.
what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 1
Effort, fulcrum, load
putting head down - nodding yes
what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 2
effort load, fulcrum
calf raise
fulcrum is ball of foot, effort is calf, load is body weight on heel
what is the order of the load, fulcrum and effort for lever 3
FEL, bicep curl
what is def of stenght?
abilitty to exert force
what is def of accelration?
chanege in velocity/unit time
what is work
force x displcement
what is power
work/time (force x velocity)
hwon many bones in the skeletal system
206
pelvic and shoudler girdle are apart of __ skeltal system
appendicular
the verterbral colum consists of
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 3-5 cox
exmaple of. along bone
tibia
exampple of a shortbone
carapl/tarsals
example of flat boens
frontal, parital bonesm hip bones,rib
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae sacumr, cocyx
xample sesamoid
posform of carpals, patella
waht are the most common types of joints? what do these allow for?
synovial - allows dynami cmovement - gap allows free ROM and space for synovial fluid to lubraicate joint - knee joint, hip joint…
what are fibrous joints and waht are the for?
tightly joined bones, little to no movement + provide stability
ex: teeth
what are cartilaginous joint for + what are they
formed wher ebone meets cartilalge or layer of cartilage betwen 2 bones - absorb shock and prvide smalll amount of flexiblity
what are msucle cells called
myofibrils
explain the levels of skeeltal msucualture starting from the epimysium (muscle)
epimysisum (muscle0 –> perimysium (fasicle) –> endomysic (myofiber): all continous with sarcolemms (membrane)
what is the neruomuscular junction
where motor neuron meets msucle fibers to contracct
what is sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of myofibrre - contains myobrils + other filaments + proteins, glycogen, fat particile, eznymes
what are teh parts of a sarcomere?
A band, I band, M line, H zones, z disks
sarcoplasmic reticulum (ca2+) ,t tubules, action potetinal
myofibrils contain..
myofilamesnt myosin an daction
mysinis the thick filame,t globular head, actin is the thin with double helix, surrode dby topnin and tropmysion
crossbrisge cycling
what is the sliding flament theory
myosin pulling on actin, teh sliding action shortens the msucle cauing contraction - Calcium is need to remove tropnin from tropmysoin
does interaction occur between myosin and actin even when binding sites are covered
yes some inetracyion occurs but removal of tropinng and tropmyosin needed for strong bond
explain excitation contraction coupling starting at the sarcplasmic reticulunm
SR is stimulated by action potentail, releases calcium, bind with tropnin to ermoe tropmyosin and crossbridge forms rapidly myosin pull actin to midline shortening msucle + producing force
amoutn of force produced by a muscle at any time is directly related to ___
XB’s cross sectionally
what are 3 way we can produce mroe force or at greater velocity related to vrossbridgges
- ideal sarcomere overlap
- effective and frequen XB cycling
- translation of neural signla to XB formation
what can happen we disturb homeostasis with a training stimulus
it can stress the system resulting in an adaption if proper recovery is allowed, preparing it better for nect time the stimulus is applied
How do we produce force (from mortor cortex to myosin head)
MAP from CNSmorotr cortex to sarcolemma, down t tubulues, exitee SR to release CA2+, ca binds to tropnin on actin moving tropmysoin, XB cycling, CA is uotaken and XB cycling stops
what does maximal intesnity mean
the body is at its lomots an dhas been working at maximum capcity/stress
what plane does a front squat occur in?
saggital
what plan does lateral arm rais ovvur in
frontal plane
