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Infection > Lecture 2 - Introduction To Microbes > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Introduction To Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 types of nucleic acid can a virus have?

A

DNA
RNA

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2
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

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3
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes

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4
Q

What are 3 common shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus
Spirillus
Bacillus

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5
Q

What shape is a coccus bacterium?

A

Spherical

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6
Q

What shape is a Spirillus bacterium?

A

Spiral shaped

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7
Q

What shape is bacillus bacteria?

A

Rod shaped

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8
Q

How can cocci bacteria be arranged?

A

Clusters
Chains

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9
Q

What colour does a gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

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10
Q

What colour does a gram negative bacteria stain?

A

Red

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11
Q

How does gram staining work?

A

The stains that are retained by the bacteria depend on the peptidoglycan wall

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12
Q

What are aerobes?

A

Can survive in the presence of oxygen

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13
Q

What are obligate aerobes?

A

The require oxygen for survival
Die without oxygen

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14
Q

What are anaerobes?

A

Can survive in the absence if oxygen

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15
Q

What are obligate anaerobes?

A

Oxygen is poisonous to them, they require an oxygen free environment for survival

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16
Q

How are bacteria, fungi and parasites named?

A

Linnaean taxonomy

Genus + species
Genus with capital letter, species all lower case

17
Q

Give some examples of gram positive cocci shaped bacteria?

A

Staph aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis

18
Q

What are some gram positive bacilli shaped bacteria?

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus

19
Q

What are some gram negative cocci bacteria?

A

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Acinetobacter baumannii

20
Q

What are some gram negative baccilli bacteria?

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
E.coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus species

21
Q

What is pathogenesis?

A

Process of causing disease

22
Q

What takes place in pathogenesis?

A

Host entry
Adherence to host cells
Production of toxins
Repplication

23
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Chromosomes
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes

24
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

Prokaryotic are a single circular chromosome called a nucleoid, also have plasmids

Eukaryotic have multiple chromosomes

25
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic has no nuclear envelope or nucleolus

Eukaryotic is membrane bound and has a nucleolus

26
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane bound organelles?

A

Prokaryotic has no membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic are present

27
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell wall?

A

Prokaryotic is usually present

Eukaryotic present in plants (no peptidoglycan)

28
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane?

A

Prokaryotes have no carbohydrate

Eukaryotes sterols and carbs present

29
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

Prokaryotes 70s
Eukaryotes 80s (70s in organelles)

30
Q

What are fungi?

A

They are eukaryotes
Yeast are single celled
Moulds are multicellular

31
Q

What different types of microorganisms are there?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites

32
Q

How do alcohol hand gels kill microorganisms?

A

Alcohol dissolves the lipid bilayer of the microorganism

33
Q

How does soap work to destroy bacteria?

A

Emulsifies fat breaking the lipid bilayer

Infection (21 decks)

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