Lecture 2 - Introduction To Microbes Flashcards
What 2 types of nucleic acid can a virus have?
DNA
RNA
What are bacteriophages?
Viruses that infect bacteria
What are the 3 domains?
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes
What are 3 common shapes of bacteria?
Coccus
Spirillus
Bacillus
What shape is a coccus bacterium?
Spherical
What shape is a Spirillus bacterium?
Spiral shaped
What shape is bacillus bacteria?
Rod shaped
How can cocci bacteria be arranged?
Clusters
Chains
What colour does a gram positive bacteria stain?
Purple
What colour does a gram negative bacteria stain?
Red
How does gram staining work?
The stains that are retained by the bacteria depend on the peptidoglycan wall
What are aerobes?
Can survive in the presence of oxygen
What are obligate aerobes?
The require oxygen for survival
Die without oxygen
What are anaerobes?
Can survive in the absence if oxygen
What are obligate anaerobes?
Oxygen is poisonous to them, they require an oxygen free environment for survival
How are bacteria, fungi and parasites named?
Linnaean taxonomy
Genus + species
Genus with capital letter, species all lower case
Give some examples of gram positive cocci shaped bacteria?
Staph aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis
What are some gram positive bacilli shaped bacteria?
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
What are some gram negative cocci bacteria?
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Acinetobacter baumannii
What are some gram negative baccilli bacteria?
Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
E.coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus species
What is pathogenesis?
Process of causing disease
What takes place in pathogenesis?
Host entry
Adherence to host cells
Production of toxins
Repplication
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?
Prokaryotic are a single circular chromosome called a nucleoid, also have plasmids
Eukaryotic have multiple chromosomes
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic nucleus?
Prokaryotic has no nuclear envelope or nucleolus
Eukaryotic is membrane bound and has a nucleolus
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane bound organelles?
Prokaryotic has no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic are present
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell wall?
Prokaryotic is usually present
Eukaryotic present in plants (no peptidoglycan)
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane?
Prokaryotes have no carbohydrate
Eukaryotes sterols and carbs present
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Prokaryotes 70s
Eukaryotes 80s (70s in organelles)
What are fungi?
They are eukaryotes
Yeast are single celled
Moulds are multicellular
What different types of microorganisms are there?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
How do alcohol hand gels kill microorganisms?
Alcohol dissolves the lipid bilayer of the microorganism
How does soap work to destroy bacteria?
Emulsifies fat breaking the lipid bilayer
