Lecture 2 - Introduction To Microbes

Question 1

What 2 types of nucleic acid can a virus have?

Answer 1

DNA
RNA

Question 2

What are bacteriophages?

Answer 2

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 3

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 3

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes

Question 4

What are 3 common shapes of bacteria?

Answer 4

Coccus
Spirillus
Bacillus

Question 5

What shape is a coccus bacterium?

Answer 5

Spherical

Question 6

What shape is a Spirillus bacterium?

Answer 6

Spiral shaped

Question 7

What shape is bacillus bacteria?

Answer 7

Rod shaped

Question 8

How can cocci bacteria be arranged?

Answer 8

Clusters
Chains

Question 9

What colour does a gram positive bacteria stain?

Answer 9

Purple

Question 10

What colour does a gram negative bacteria stain?

Answer 10

Red

Question 11

How does gram staining work?

Answer 11

The stains that are retained by the bacteria depend on the peptidoglycan wall

Question 12

What are aerobes?

Answer 12

Can survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 13

What are obligate aerobes?

Answer 13

The require oxygen for survival
Die without oxygen

Question 14

What are anaerobes?

Answer 14

Can survive in the absence if oxygen

Question 15

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 15

Oxygen is poisonous to them, they require an oxygen free environment for survival

Question 16

How are bacteria, fungi and parasites named?

Answer 16

Linnaean taxonomy

Genus + species
Genus with capital letter, species all lower case

Question 17

Give some examples of gram positive cocci shaped bacteria?

Answer 17

Staph aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis

Question 18

What are some gram positive bacilli shaped bacteria?

Answer 18

Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus

Question 19

What are some gram negative cocci bacteria?

Answer 19

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Acinetobacter baumannii

Question 20

What are some gram negative baccilli bacteria?

Answer 20

Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
E.coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus species

Question 21

What is pathogenesis?

Answer 21

Process of causing disease

Question 22

What takes place in pathogenesis?

Answer 22

Host entry
Adherence to host cells
Production of toxins
Repplication

Question 23

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 23

Chromosomes
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes

Question 24

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 24

Prokaryotic are a single circular chromosome called a nucleoid, also have plasmids

Eukaryotic have multiple chromosomes

Question 25

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic nucleus?

Answer 25

Prokaryotic has no nuclear envelope or nucleolus Eukaryotic is membrane bound and has a nucleolus

Question 26

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane bound organelles?

Answer 26

Prokaryotic has no membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic are present

Question 27

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell wall?

Answer 27

Prokaryotic is usually present Eukaryotic present in plants (no peptidoglycan)

Question 28

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane?

Answer 28

Prokaryotes have no carbohydrate Eukaryotes sterols and carbs present

Question 29

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 29

Prokaryotes 70s Eukaryotes 80s (70s in organelles)

Question 30

What are fungi?

Answer 30

They are eukaryotes Yeast are single celled Moulds are multicellular

Question 31

What different types of microorganisms are there?

Answer 31

Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites

Question 32

How do alcohol hand gels kill microorganisms?

Answer 32

Alcohol dissolves the lipid bilayer of the microorganism

Question 33

How does soap work to destroy bacteria?

Answer 33

Emulsifies fat breaking the lipid bilayer