Lecture 2: Intro to Nutrients, Essential v nonessential nutrients, Dietary Reference Intakes

Question 1

promoters

Answer 1

lead to progression of chronic disease. bad.

Question 2

anti-promoters

Answer 2

deter chronic disease. good.

Question 3

nutrient definition

Answer 3

specific substance found in food that performs one or more physiochemical or biochemical functions in the body

Question 4

macronutrients

Answer 4

carbs, fats/lipids, proteins, alcohol, water (no kcals)

Question 5

micronutrients

Answer 5

vitamins, minerals (no kcals, either)

Question 6

organic nutrients

Answer 6

carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins

Question 7

inorganic nutrients

Answer 7

minerals, water

Question 8

major functions of nutrients

Answer 8

• provide energy (primarily carbs and fat)
• promote tissue growth and development (protein)
• regulate metabolism (all nutrients)

Question 9

major functions of water

Answer 9

• transport nutrients, gases and waste products
• medium for chemical reactions
• body temp regulation

Question 10

essential nutrients definition

Answer 10

• must be consumed in the diet (don’t produce enough in body)
• essential for energy production, growth and development, regulating body processes, preventing nutrient deficient diseases (ie scurvy from vit C and anemia from iron)
• still being discovered and debated (like maybe fiber or polyphenols)

Question 11

nonessential nutrients definition

Answer 11

-made in the body, also found in food

creatine

Question 12

conditionally essential nutrients

Answer 12

• normally nonessential, can become essential

- creatine in the case of chronic kidney disease

Question 13

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Answer 13

• estimates of how much a nutrient is needed or too much for different populations
• based on age, sex, life stage (pregnant, lactating)
• include EAR, RDA, AI, UL, CDRR

Question 14

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 14

-nutrient intake value that meets the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals

Question 15

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)

Answer 15

-intake level that meets nutrition requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals

Question 16

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 16

• not a requirement
• likely to exceed nutrition requirements of almost all individuals
• used when there’s not enough scientific evidence to make an RDA

Question 17

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 17

• highest level of nutrient intake that doesn’t make most people unhealthy
• not all nutrients have ULs
• ie, too much vit A or iron is bad

Question 18

Dietary Guidelines

Answer 18

• published every 5 years by dep of health and human services and USDA
• used to inform policy makers and health professionals who develop nutrition and health policy