Lecture 2 - Insulin and Friends Flashcards
what can goldfish convert lactate into
ethanol
insulin is synthesised as a pre-pro-peptide, what is this
small protein
what is the pre sequence in insulin responsible for
the export from the cytosol of the cell
- in this case to secretory granules
what does the pro-sequence of insulin seem to be important for (and what happens to it)
proper folding of insulin and it is removed
what bonds and structure interactions does insulin have
disulfide bonds (C-C) as well as secondary and tertiary structure interactions (covalent linkages)
where is insulin made
made in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (B cells)
what do alpha cells in the pancreas produce
glucagon
what are two of the endocrine hormones produced in the pancreas
insulin and glucagon
insulin typically forms hexamers with what in B cells and what does this mean
Zn = causes insulin to be packed very tightly together and held into hexamers
insulin forms what in the blood
monomers in blood
circulating insulin interacts with what
receptors on some tissues (fat, muscle and liver etc)
the insulin receptor is synthesised as one protein and then what happens for its full function form (what does it form)
it is cleaved (modified) for full function (forms a dimer)
what gives rise to different insulin receptor isoforms
splicing variants during mRNA processing
how many splices is the insulin receptor split into
3
where does the largest splice (A chain) of the insulin receptor sit
sits outside the cell and folds