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Cell Biology & Histology > Lecture 2 Cell Adhesion Molecules and Junctional Complexes > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Cell Adhesion Molecules and Junctional Complexes Flashcards

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1
Q

Basement membrane

A

Separates an epithelial layer from its connective tissue support
Exception is capillaries, no connective tissue

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2
Q

Characteristics of the basement membrane

A

50-80 nm thick

Two components 1. basal lamina 2. reticular lamina

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3
Q

Two components of basement membrane

A
  1. Basal lamina

2. Reticular lamina

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4
Q

Basal lamina

A

Sits on reticular lamina

Produced by the epithelium

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5
Q

Reticular lamina

A

Produced by the connective tissue

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6
Q

Basement membrane is composed of

A

Intracellular matrix

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7
Q

4 Components of the basal lamina

A
  1. Laminin
  2. Type IV collagen
  3. Entactin (nidogen)
  4. Proteoglycans
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8
Q

Laminin

A

Component of basal lamina
Made of 3 polypeptide chains
-alpha, beta and gamma
Binding sites for entactin and proteoglycans

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9
Q

Type IV Collagen

A

Component of basal lamina
Does not form fibrils like type I collagen
This is collagen produced by epithelial cells, unlike type I collagen which is secreted by fibroblasts

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10
Q

Collagen

A

Connective tissue
most ubiquitous protein in your protein in your body (tendons/ligaments)
20 different kinds, made by 20 different genes

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11
Q

Fibronectin

A 
How we hold things together
Made up of two polypeptide chains cross-linked by disulfide bonds
Has binding sites for
-Heparin
-Integrins
-Collagen
-Fibrin
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12
Q

4 Things Fibronectin has binding sites for

A
  1. Heparin
  2. Integrins
  3. Collagen
  4. Fibrin
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13
Q

Cell Adhesion Molecules

A

Depending on the need for calcium in their interactions with other molecules, cell adhesion molecules are divided into two groups

  1. Calcium dependent
  2. Calcium independent
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14
Q

Calcium Dependent Cell Adhesion Moleucles

A

Cadherins

Selectins

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15
Q

Calcium Independent Cell Adhesion Molecules

A

Integrins

Immunoglobulin superfamily molecules

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16
Q

Two groups of CAMs

A

Calcium dependent

Calcium independent

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17
Q

3 Types of Cadherins

A
  1. E-Cadherins
  2. N-Cadherins
  3. P-Cadherins
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18
Q

E-Cadherins

A

Most common type of cadherins
They are found in epithelial tissues
form diners

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19
Q

Most common type of cadherin

A

E-Cadherin

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20
Q

Dimers

A

Generic term for two molecules held together

21
Q

Loss of e-cadherins

A

Associated with invasive behavior of tumor cells. Occur because of mutations, not all tumors are invasive

22
Q

E-Cadherin dimers

A

HVA binding face
Dimers between epithelial tissues form homophilic interactions
Loss of e-cadherins is associated with invasive behavior of tumor cells

23
Q

N-Cadherins

A

These are found in nerve tissues

24
Q

P-Caderins

A

Found in placenta

25
Q

Catenins

A

Cytoplasmic domains of cadherins are linked to actin through catenins

26
Q

Alpha Catenin

A

(sounds like actin)

Bind directly to actin

27
Q

Beta Catenin

A

Bind to cadherin and to y-catenin/plakoglobin

Involved in colorectal carcinogenesis

28
Q

Characteristics of selectins

A
  1. Selectins bind to carbohydrates, therefore they belong to the lectin group
  2. Selectins are involved int he movement of leukocytes from blood to tissues (extravasation)
29
Q

Extravasation

A

Selectins are involved in the movement of leukocytes from blood to tissues

30
Q

Leukocytes

A

Make in bone marrow involved in immune response

31
Q

3 Classes of Selectins

A
  1. P-selectins
  2. E-selectins
  3. L-selectins
32
Q

P-Selectins

A

Platelets (surface of)

33
Q

E-Selectins

A

Activated Endothelial cells

-during inflammatory process, they are activated

34
Q

L-Selectins

A

Leukocytes

35
Q

Integrins

A

Calcium independent
Mainly involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions
Integrins bind to both the extracellular matrix and to the cytoskeleton
Integrins are heterodimers
The extracellular domains of integrins bind to molecules in the basement membrane

36
Q

Integrins bind to both

A

The extracellular matrix and to the cytoskeleton

37
Q

Heterodimers

A

Different types of molecules involved

Integrins are these

38
Q

2 major molecules in basement membrane

A
  1. Fibronectin

2. Laminin

39
Q

Integrins interact with

A 
the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence in fibronectin and laminin
-if sequence is disrupted, they won't bind
40
Q

Laminin and fibronectin in the basement membrane interact with

A

Collagen (including type IV)
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Entactin (nidogen)

41
Q

Integrin Heterodimers

A

Each consists of one alpha subunit (17 kinds) and one beta subunit (8 kinds) *combined in different ways
The cytoplasmic domain of the beta subunit is linked to actin filaments via connecting proteins
Connection proteins include: - Talin - Vinculin - Alpha-actinin

42
Q

3 Connecting proteins include

A
  1. Talin
  2. Vinculin
  3. Alpha-actinin
43
Q

Characteristics of the Immunoglobulin superfamily

A

Members of this family possess an extracellular segment with one or more folded domains characteristic of immunoglobulins

44
Q

Members of the Ig-superfamily

A

N-CAM

I-CAM-1 and I-CAM-2

45
Q

N-CAM

A

Member of Ig-superfamily
These are neural adhesion molecules
They mediate both homophilic and heterophilic interactions

46
Q

I-CAM-1

A

Facilitates transoendothelial migration of leukocytes

47
Q

Adherens

A

Bind cells together. Can bind cells to the basement lamina too
Type of junction
Designed to anchor cells together
Can be found on the basolateral surfaces of epithelial cells

48
Q

Occludens

A

Junctional complexes that establish an impermeable barrier between adjacent cells, especially epithelial cells, that prevents paracellular transport.

Cell Biology & Histology (6 decks)

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