Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Biology & Histology > Lecture 10 Connective Tissue, Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Connective Tissue, Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Embryonic
Adult
Special

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adult CT 4 Types

A

Loose
Dense
Reticular
Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 Types of Special CT

A

Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Hematopoietic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type 1 Collagen Fibers

A

General CT and bone

tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type II Collagen

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage

tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type III collagen

A

Parenchyma of organs and walls of blood vessels

Reticular framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type IV collagen

A

Basement membranes

Meshwork, scaffolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Collagen Fiber Synthesis

A
  1. Type I collagen is synthesized as a prepropeptide
  2. The signal (pre-) sequence is cleaved after the translocation of the polypeptide into the ER lumen
  3. Pro-collagen molecule is secreted through exocytosis
  4. Tropocollagen - after secreted, altered into this. This self-assembles into collagen
  5. Collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elastic Fiber Synthesis

A

Elastin is also synthesized as a prepropeptide
Secreted as a propeptide
Converted to tropoelastin - final component of elastin assembly
Assembled into amorphous fibers or sheets with the aid of fibrillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tropoelastin

A

Final component of elastin assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrillin

A

Assembles tropoelastin into amorphous fibers or sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibroblasts and fibrocytes

A

Principal cell types found in connective tissue. They are also most numerous cells found in CT
-secrete and maintain connective tissue
Secretion and maintenance of CT matrix
Secrete precursor fibrous molecules
Secrete the amorphous components of the matrix, including the glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

GAGs

Large, negatively charged polysaccharides consisting of repeated discaccharide units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GAGs fall into 4 groups

A
  1. Hyaluronic acid (cartilage, skin, synovial fluid and general CT)
  2. Heparin and heparan sulfate
  3. Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate
  4. Keratan sulfate (cartilage, cornea and intervertebral disk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adipocytes

A 
Fat cells
150 micrometers in diameter
2 Types
1. White fat
2. Brown fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

White fat

A

Distribute through the body

Unilocular - large droplet of fat

17
Q

Brown fat

A

Cells contain numerous smaller lipid droplets
Multilocular
Slightly more cytoplasm
Abundant mitochondria, give them coloration

18
Q

3 Major classes of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
19
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A 
Most common type of cartilage
Avascular
Contains type II collagen fibers
Surrounded by perichondrium
Translucent, bluish gray
Solid but flexible
Chondrocytes are often found in cell groups
20
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Growth Pattern

A

Appositional - add new onto existing

Interstitial - New

21
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Specialized by addition of elastic fibers to the matrix
Surrounded by perichondrium
Yellow color because of presence of elastic fibers
More opaque, flexible and elastic than hyaline cartilage
Chondrocytes mostly located singly
Type II collagen plus elastic fibers
Found in -Auricle of ear
-epiglottis

22
Q

Fibrocartilage

A 
Increased collagen in the matrix
Reduced cellularity compared to hyaline
Not surrounded by perichondrium
Opaque appearance from fibrous texture
Type I collagen
Single sparse chondrocytes
23
Q

Fibrocartilage Locations

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Insertion of some tendons and ligaments
Closely associated with dense connective tissue or hyaline cartilage

24
Q

Avascular

A

Slow to heal

25
Q

Bone characteristics

A

A canalicular system
Vascular
Elongation through appositional growth
Continuous resorption, reconstruction and remodeling
Bone is formed by osteoblasts which become osteocytes

26
Q

2 Types of Matrix

A
  1. Osteoid - organic

2. Hydroxyapatite - inorganic

27
Q

3 Types of Bone

A
  1. Woven
  2. Compact (aka lamellar)
  3. Spongy (aka trabecular or cancellous)
28
Q

Compact Bone

A

Lacks cavities and forms dense plate on the outside of long bones or flat bones
Consists of concentric (Haversian) lamellae which encircle a central blood vessel

29
Q

Trabecular (Spongy) Bone

A

Has a 3-D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae surrounding the bone marrow spaces in the long bones and flat bones

Cell Biology & Histology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions