Cell Bio Midterm Review

Question 1

Exocrine

Answer 1

Retain connection

Question 2

Endocrine

Answer 2

Lose connection

• Paracrine - affect neighboring cells
• Autocrine - affect self

Question 3

3 Mechanisms of secretion

Answer 3

1. Merocrine-serous, cell intact
2. Apocrine-cells repaired
3. Holocrine-cells burst

Question 4

Ex simple tubular gland

Answer 4

Intestine

Question 5

Ex Simple tubular branched

Answer 5

Stomach/uterus

Question 6

Ex Simple Alveolar

Answer 6

Sebacious

Question 7

Ex Simple coiled tubular gland

Answer 7

Sweat gland

Question 8

Ex Branched tubular

Answer 8

Oral cavity

Question 9

Ex Branched alveolar

Answer 9

Pancreas

Question 10

Ex Branched Tubuloacinar

Answer 10

Submandible

Mammary

Question 11

Hierarchy of duct system

Answer 11

Capsule
Septa
Lobe
Lobule
Lobar duct
Interlobulated duct
Intralobular duct
Striated duct
Intercalated duct
Acinus

Question 12

Myoepithelial Cells

Answer 12

Part of acinus
Derived from epithelium
Surround cells on outside, spindle shaped
Posses actin containing microfilaments which squeeze secretory cells and move their products toward excretory ducts

Question 13

Rough ER

Answer 13

In cytosol
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis (cytosolic leaflet)
-transport lipid to cell membranes through vesicle transport

Question 14

Smooth ER

Answer 14

No ribosomes

Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 15

Golgi 4 Functions

Answer 15

Sorts products into different pathways
Location of post translational modifications
Site for assembly of proteoglycans
Sulfation

Question 16

Golgi cis face

Answer 16

Receives transporting vesicles from rough ER

coated with coatamers

Question 17

Golgi trans face

Answer 17

Exit face for membrane

Vesicles with lysosomes

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Aquaporin - voltage dependent anion channel
Aq channel for molecules under 10kDa
Inner membrane that extends into fluid filled space
-cardiolipin - makes inner membrane impermeable
Matrix - house Kreb cycle components here, mitochondrial DNA, production of CO2 and NADA-primary source of electrons for ETC

Question 19

Primary Lysosome

Answer 19

Formed by golgi, primary storage for lysosomal hydrolases

Question 20

Secondary Lysosome

Answer 20

Lysosomes that have fused with phagosome, endosome or autophagosome and are involved in catalytic processes

Question 21

2 Lysosomal Pathways

Answer 21

Endocytosis
Autophagy
Phagocytosis

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Small molecules taken up by cell and directed to vesicles called endosomes, which eventually form lysosomes

Question 23

Autophagy

Answer 23

Worn out organelles are broken down by lysosomal activity

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Worn out organelles broken down by cells specialized for the uptake of bacteria, viruses and large particles

Question 25

Peroxisomes

Answer 25

Assembled from proteins synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol
32 different proteins called peroxins
Production of hydrogen peroxide and its breakdown by catalase-breaks down H2O2 into water
Synthesis of bile salts in liver

Question 26

Function of Respiratory chain

Answer 26

To transport the electrons to oxygen, leading to oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

Endosomal

Answer 27

Lysosomal pathway

occurs in secondary lysosomes

Question 28

Procaspase

Answer 28

Caspase pathway

occurs in cytosol

Question 29

Ubiquitin

Answer 29

occurs within cytosol

1. Attachment of ubiquitin to protein substrate
2. Degredation of target protein by 26S proteasome

Question 30

Apoptosis

Answer 30

Cell death without inflammation process

Question 31

3 Phases of Apoptosis

Answer 31

Recognition of damaged cell
Execution
Elimination
2 Pathways -Extrinsic
-Intrinsic