Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 2-Body Fluids and Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Lecture 2-Body Fluids and Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

how many litres makes up a humans total body water

A

42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

25 litres of TBW is what fluid?

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

17 litres of TBW is what fluid?

A

extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three components of extracellular fluid?

A

interstitial fluid, plasma, transcellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

13 litres of ECF is what type of fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid (ISF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 litres of ECF is what type of fluid?

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1 litre of ECF is what type of fluid?

A

Transcellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

fluid that bathes the cell (tissue fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

any other fluid that has been produced and crossed an epithelial membrane e.g waste from urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

6 examples of transcellular fluids

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (brain)
Urine (kidney and bladder)
Gastrointestinal secretions (saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile)
Sweat
Aqueous and vitreous humours (eye)
Synovial fluid (joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does fluid from the blood plasma become interstitial fluid?

A

electrolytes and water passes the endothelium in the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the main difference between plasma and ISF composition

A

ISF contains no proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in order for fluid to become intracellular, what membrane does it have to pass?

A

plasma cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

differences and similarities between ISF and intracellular fluid

A

electrolyte composition differs in different compartments however the osmolarity says the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is composition of transcellular fluid non generalisable?

A

electrolyte composition varies depending on what fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

plasma-> ISF what membrane does it cross?

A

must cross endothelial cell layer (capillary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ISF->ICF what membrane does it cross

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ISF->Transcellular fluid; what membrane must it cross

A

epithelium layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why do membranes separate the compartments

A

to help maintain the composition of different compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the three features of the plasma membrane?

A

-highly selective permeability (only lipid soluble can enter and dissolve in the lipid layer, water soluble can’t enter without a transport process)
lots of transport proteins for uptake and removal of specific solutes
vital for regulation of the intracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the phospholipid bilayer impermeable to?

A

ions and polar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is permeability provided by for membrane transport?

A

membrane proteins (transporters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 3 membrane transporters?

A

channels
carriers
pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

channels

A

selective for one type of ion and generally one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

transporters

A

transport pairs of ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pumps

A

use energy to move against the conc gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

passive transport

A

driven by gradients

28
Q

which transports are passive transports?

A

channels and carriers

29
Q

active transport uses…

A

ATP hydrolysis

30
Q

which transport mechanism uses active transport?

A

pumps

31
Q

what are the 3 types of carriers?

A

facilitator/uniport
cotransporter/symport
exchanger/ antiport

32
Q

uniport

A

facilitator
one type ion only down conc gradient in isolation (one direction)

33
Q

symport

A

cotransporter
-two ions (usually pos and neg to maintain electrical neutrality) in same direction

34
Q

antiport

A

exchanger
swaps one ion in for another ion out (generally the same charge to maintain electrical neutrality)

35
Q

functions of transport proteins

A

-Uptake of nutrients, substrates, cofactors…
-export of waste products
-Regulation of intracellular ions, pH, cell volume

36
Q

uptake of glucose and AAs

A

Uniporter picks up glucose (down conc gradient)
AAs transported usually with sodium using symport/ cotransporter

37
Q

export of waste products

A

-Urea/ nitrogenous waste comes out the cell via uniporter
-Hydrogen ions and lactate come out using a cotransporter to rid of waste products

38
Q

Regulation of intracellular ions, pH, cell volume

A

Regulate internal pH using exchangers e.g pH too low, rid of hydrogen ions and swap for sodium ions (antiport/ exchanger)
pH too high: swap bicarbonate ion out and chloride ion in (exchanger/ antiport)
-don’t actively transport water, use ions to generate gradient to allow water to follow

39
Q

ICF vs ECF: Pottassium ions

A

ICF: high
ECF: low

40
Q

ICF vs ECF: sodium ions

A

ICF: low
ECF: high

41
Q

ICF vs ECF: Calcium ions

A

ICF: very low
ECF: low

42
Q

ICF vs ECF: Chloride ions

A

ICF: low
ECF: high

43
Q

ICF vs ECF: organic ions

A

ICF: high
ECF: low

44
Q

ICF vs ECF: proteins

A

ICF: high
ECF: low

45
Q

why do cells not have a water pump?

A

it would take too much energy/ ATP

46
Q

how is water distribution determined?

A

by osmosis

47
Q

what is the osmotic pressure at equilibrium

A

290

48
Q

3 properties of capillary endothelium

A

-very thin layer of cells lining blood vessels
-highly permeable in some organs, not in others (e.g. brain)
-important role in regulation of the interstitial fluid

49
Q

distribution of solutes across the capillary endothelium

A

ISF: low solute conc
Plasma: high solute conc as proteins can’t cross the endothelial cells or between them

50
Q

what is water distribution decided by?

A

hydrostatic and osmotic forces

51
Q

colloid

A

due to proteins

52
Q

what happens at the arterial end of the capillary?

A

hydrostatic pressure> colloid osmotic pressure
-fluid is forced out of the plasma

53
Q

what happens at the venous end of the capillary?

A

colloid osmotic pressure> hydrostatic pressure forcing fluid back into the plasma

54
Q

4 features of epithelia

A

-layers of cells covering internal and external surfaces of organs and tissues
-protective/barrier function
-important roles in absorption and secretion
-selective

55
Q

apical membrane of gut

A

faces inwards (centre of the gut)

56
Q

basolateral membrane of gut

A

faces outwards

57
Q

in the gut, what are the epithelial cells connected by

A

tight junctions which are impermeable

58
Q

in the gut, what facilitates the movement of water

A

sodium glucose cotransporter by creating an osmotic gradient

59
Q

what allows glucose to move through in the gut? where is this located?

A

glucose uniporter on the basolateral membrane allowing water to be absorbed to your gut

60
Q

what ions facilitates the movement of water into the gut from plasma

A

chloride ions

61
Q

role of sodium pottassium ATPase in the gut

A

creates a high pottassium inside and a low sodium inside the cell causing a gradient

62
Q

what allows the potassium ions into the gut leading to chloride and sodium ions coming in causing water to follow and into the cell

A

sodium potassium two chloride cotransport

63
Q

on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the gut, what channel opens to allow water out

A

chloride channels allowing chloride ions to diffuse out and down the conc gradient causing water to follow

64
Q

how does diarrhoea occur from food poisoning

A

toxins generated from bacteria open the chloride channels and allows water to pour in

65
Q

role of chloride channel in cystic fibrosis

A

chloride channel does not open causing less water to be produced leading to sticky thick mucus as can’t move water across membrane

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions