Circulatory Systems Flashcards
what are the different blood circulatory systems
systemic
pulmonary
specialized circulatory systems (portal, coronary, foetal)
what do circulatory systems transport
- O2 (RBCs)
- Nutrients
- CO
- Metabolic waste
- Cells of immune system (WBCs)
- Hormones
features of the blood circulatory systems
Closed circuit
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart
Veins give blood back to the heart
Capillaries are found between arteries and veins and are the site of gas exchange
features of the systemic circulation
-High-pressure system (arterial side)
-Takes oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the body tissues
- Returns oxygen-poor blood from the tissues to the right side of the heart
radial arteries to measure heart rate
found in the wrist by the radius
carotid arteries to measure heart rate
found in the wrist by the radius
brachial arteries to find pulse
used when measuring blood pressure in the crease of the elbow
femoral arteries used to measure pulse
groin
popliteal to find pulse
back of the knee
posterior tibial for pulse
behind the ankled
dorsalis pedis to find pulse
on the foot
features of the pulmonary circulation
- Low-pressure system
- Takes blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs
- Takes blood rich in oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart
- Pulmonary arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart therefore oxygen-poor
- Pulmonary veins carry blood TOWARDS the heart therefore are oxygen-rich
what does the lymphatic system consist of
-network of lymph vessels
-lymph
-lymphatic tissues and organs
functions of the lymphatic system
– Involved in the body’s defence mechanisms
– Provides a mechanism for the drainage of
interstitial fluid
what is the fluid in the capillary called
plasma
what is the fluid called in the interstitial space
interstitial fluid
in capillary exchange, what pushes fluid out of the capillary
capillary blood pressure pushes fluid out into the interstitial fluid (taking nutrients, gases etc)
-filtration
what pulls fluid back into the capillaries during capillary exchange
blood colloid oncotic pressure (BCOP) pulls fluid back into the capillary bringing wastes, gases etc
-reabsorption
-mainly due to plasma proteins
does capillary blood pressure increase or decrease along the capillary
decreases with progression along capillary
does blood colloid oncotic pressure increase or decrease along the capillary
BCOP remains constant
filtration
CBP>BCOP at the arterial end of the capillary
reabsorption
BCOP> CBP at the venous end
approx what percentage of fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries
85%
what are the consequences of remaining interstitial fluid if not reabsorbed or removed
oedema (swelling)
the remaining 15% of interstitial fluid is picked up by?
the lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic capillaries function
brings excess fluid back into the vascular system
what are lymph capillaries
blind-ended tubes that are located adjacent to capillary beds
what is the excess interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic capillary called
lymph
what does the lymph pass through
the lymphatic circulation and returns to the blood system
lymphatic drainage outline
- lymph capillaries
- lymph vessels
3.lymph trunks
4.thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
lymph nodes
involved in the immune response: filter the lymph
-when infected, enlarged lymph nodes due to the action of the immune response
right lymphatic duct
drains lymph from the right side of the head and thorax and right upper limb
fluid in the right lymphatic duct re-enters the vascular circulation through which vein?
right subclavian vein
thoracic duct
drains lymph from the remainder of the body
fluid in the thoracic duct re-enters the vascular circulation via what vein
left subclavian vein
