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Anatomy and Physiology > Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different blood circulatory systems

A

systemic
pulmonary
specialized circulatory systems (portal, coronary, foetal)

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2
Q

what do circulatory systems transport

A
  • O2 (RBCs)
  • Nutrients
  • CO
  • Metabolic waste
  • Cells of immune system (WBCs)
  • Hormones
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3
Q

features of the blood circulatory systems

A

Closed circuit
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart
Veins give blood back to the heart
Capillaries are found between arteries and veins and are the site of gas exchange

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4
Q

features of the systemic circulation

A

-High-pressure system (arterial side)
-Takes oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the body tissues
- Returns oxygen-poor blood from the tissues to the right side of the heart

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5
Q

radial arteries to measure heart rate

A

found in the wrist by the radius

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6
Q

carotid arteries to measure heart rate

A

found in the wrist by the radius

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7
Q

brachial arteries to find pulse

A

used when measuring blood pressure in the crease of the elbow

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8
Q

femoral arteries used to measure pulse

A

groin

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9
Q

popliteal to find pulse

A

back of the knee

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10
Q

posterior tibial for pulse

A

behind the ankled

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11
Q

dorsalis pedis to find pulse

A

on the foot

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12
Q

features of the pulmonary circulation

A
  • Low-pressure system
  • Takes blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs
  • Takes blood rich in oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart
  • Pulmonary arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart therefore oxygen-poor
  • Pulmonary veins carry blood TOWARDS the heart therefore are oxygen-rich
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13
Q

what does the lymphatic system consist of

A

-network of lymph vessels
-lymph
-lymphatic tissues and organs

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14
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

– Involved in the body’s defence mechanisms
– Provides a mechanism for the drainage of
interstitial fluid

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15
Q

what is the fluid in the capillary called

A

plasma

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16
Q

what is the fluid called in the interstitial space

A

interstitial fluid

17
Q

in capillary exchange, what pushes fluid out of the capillary

A

capillary blood pressure pushes fluid out into the interstitial fluid (taking nutrients, gases etc)
-filtration

18
Q

what pulls fluid back into the capillaries during capillary exchange

A

blood colloid oncotic pressure (BCOP) pulls fluid back into the capillary bringing wastes, gases etc
-reabsorption
-mainly due to plasma proteins

19
Q

does capillary blood pressure increase or decrease along the capillary

A

decreases with progression along capillary

20
Q

does blood colloid oncotic pressure increase or decrease along the capillary

A

BCOP remains constant

21
Q

filtration

A

CBP>BCOP at the arterial end of the capillary

22
Q

reabsorption

A

BCOP> CBP at the venous end

23
Q

approx what percentage of fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries

A

85%

24
Q

what are the consequences of remaining interstitial fluid if not reabsorbed or removed

A

oedema (swelling)

25
Q

the remaining 15% of interstitial fluid is picked up by?

A

the lymphatic capillaries

26
Q

lymphatic capillaries function

A

brings excess fluid back into the vascular system

27
Q

what are lymph capillaries

A

blind-ended tubes that are located adjacent to capillary beds

28
Q

what is the excess interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic capillary called

A

lymph

29
Q

what does the lymph pass through

A

the lymphatic circulation and returns to the blood system

30
Q

lymphatic drainage outline

A
  1. lymph capillaries
  2. lymph vessels
    3.lymph trunks
    4.thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
31
Q

lymph nodes

A

involved in the immune response: filter the lymph
-when infected, enlarged lymph nodes due to the action of the immune response

32
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains lymph from the right side of the head and thorax and right upper limb

33
Q

fluid in the right lymphatic duct re-enters the vascular circulation through which vein?

A

right subclavian vein

34
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains lymph from the remainder of the body

35
Q

fluid in the thoracic duct re-enters the vascular circulation via what vein

A

left subclavian vein

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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