Lecture 2 - Basic Concepts Pt1 Flashcards
What is the width of DNA?
2 nm
What is DNA made of?
Linear polymer fiber
What helix is DNA?
Double stranded
What are the 4 nucleobases of DNA?
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
How many bonds are between A and T?
2
How many bonds are between G and C?
3
What is a genome?
An organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes
How many DNA base pairs are there in a human?
more than 3 billion
How many total number of genes are there in a human?
About 21,000
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function
What are protein coding genes?
Genes that are expressed to proteins
What percentage of the human genome are protein coding sequences?
1-3%
What are the noncoding genes?
- tRNA
- rRNA
- miRNA
- LncRNA, antisense RNA, pseudogenes
What is the function of tRNA?
Transfers amino acids to the RNA template to make proteins
What is rRNA?
RNA component of ribosome
What is function of miRNA?
Plays important role in regulating protein coding gene expression
Describe the structure of a gene.
Describe the structure of a real gene using understanding from the general structure of a gene.
Why are there pairs of genes?
To increase genetic variation
Describe the expression of genetic information.
Describe the mRNA maturation process of transcription.
What are the 4 nucleobases of RNA?
A, Uracil (U) instead of T, G, C
What is the start codon?
- For RNA: AUG
- For DNA: ATG
What are the stop codons?
- For RNA: UAG, UAA, UGA
- For DNA: TAG, TAA, TGA
How many total codons are there?
64
How many total amino acids are there?
20
Describe the 64 codon chart.
What is polymorphism?
Sequence variation at the same position of a homologous chromosome (diploid genome) that largely influences diversity and adaptability of humans to a changing environment
Describe the lecture’s example of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Are there polymorphisms in the genome of a single germ cell (haploid genome)?
No
