12 - FoundationOne genetic report and tx options Flashcards
How can one determine if certain pt is likely to benefit from immunotherapy?
Through biomarkers
Why are PD1 blockers useful compared to other types of cancer txs?
PD1 blockers were approved as a viable tx for many types of cancers regardless of biomarkers
What type of drug is Ipilimumab (Yervoy)?
CTLA-4 inhibitor
What drugs are PD1 blockers?
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), Nivolumab (Opdivo), Cemiplimab (Libtayo)
What drugs are PD-L1 blockers?
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq), Avelumab (Bavencio), Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
Should doctor order a test to check the PD1 or PD-L1 expression in the tumor sample?
PD-L1 bc specific diagram on page 9 on lecture shows that the cancer is in the cell that is being targeted by PD-L1 therapy
Which pathways repair DNA?
Both PARP and BRCA-mediated pathways
How can DNA repair still occur if there are BRCA-mutated cells?
DNA repair can still occur via the PARP pathway, but accuracy is low
What happens to DNA repair if PARP pathway is blocked?
Both PARP and BRCA-mediated pathways are now disrupted
Is a BRCA mutation in cancer a gain of function or loss of fucntion?
Loss of function
How is DNA repair done?
Repair by homologous recombination
What is synthetic lethality?
A situation in which mutations in two genes together result in cell death, but a mutation in either gene alone does not
What does CDKN2A encode for?
Encodes two tumor suppressors p14ARF and p16INK4A
What does CDKN2B encode for?
Encodes tumor suppressor p15INK4B
What pathways are CDKN2A and CDKN2B involved in?
CDK4/6 and MDM2 pathways
KRAS signaling pathway and target therapies
