Lecture 2- Antibody diversity and T cell development

Question 1

Variability 1 is variation at the… region which is usually consistent with a change of … of the antibody

Answer 1

Fc

biological activity

Question 2

Variability 2 is variation at the… region which is usually consistent with difference in …

Answer 2

FAB

antigen binding

Question 3

What are the two types of variation in antibodies?

Answer 3

Fc region- biological activity

FAB region- antigen binding

Question 4

What region of variability contains both light and heavy chains?

Answer 4

antigen binding

the other only contains heavy chains

Question 5

Is antigen and antibody interaction through covalent bonding?

Answer 5

No (weak forces)

Question 6

Interaction between antigen and antibody has a … contact and has perfect matching of….

Answer 6

tight

surface contour

Question 7

Ag-Ab interaction is highly…. this helps to discriminate between self and non self and between different pathogens

Answer 7

selective

Question 8

The price to pay for Ag-Ab interaction being highly selective: each antibody can only be used against

Answer 8

very limited types of pathogens

Question 9

The combination of …. on both light and heavy chains constitutes the antigen- binding site of Ig

Answer 9

CDRs (complementarity-determining region)

VH or VL

Question 10

2 theories for generating antibody diversity

Answer 10

instructive vs. selective

Question 11

The instructive theory of generating antibody diversity says that cells respond to antigen by….. the shapes of the antigen and make antibodies accordingly

Answer 11

imprinting

Question 12

Problems with instructive theory:
Antigens do not come in contact with....
and 
The flow of cellular info is from ... to...
NOT from.... to...

Answer 12

• DNA
• DNA to protein
• Protein to DNA

Question 13

The selective theory of generating antibody diversity says that antibodies are…

Answer 13

premade

Question 14

Problems with selective theory…

A single B cell produces….

Answer 14

only 1 specificity, we do not have enough genes for this

Question 15

Mechanism 8 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to

Answer 15

class switching

Question 16

Mechanism 1 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to … cells that contain…

Answer 16

Pro-B

Germ line DNA

Question 17

The gene loci for Ig production in Pro-B cells are non-functional duet to the lack of…

Answer 17

open reading frame

Question 18

Germ line DNA is DNA passed down through the gametes before it is modified by….

Answer 18

somatic recombination or maturation

Question 19

Mechanism 2 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to the production of …. via a random selection of specific DNA segments

Answer 19

Kappa chain

Question 20

Mechanism 3 is related to the production of

Answer 20

upside down y chain protein

Question 21

Mechanism 4 is related to the production of

Answer 21

heavy chain protein

Question 22

Mechanism 5 is related to

Answer 22

Recombinational inaccuracy (sloppy enzyme)

Question 23

Mechanism 6 is related to

Answer 23

The N-nucleotide addition

Question 24

H- nucleotide addition is when a few nucleotides may be inserted between .. and… and between … and … to create further diversity

Answer 24

D and JH

VH and D

Question 25

Mechanism 7 is related to

Answer 25

somatic mutation

Question 26

After antigen stimulation, The V,D,J genes in B cells can ….(often at CDR region), this is called…. which occurs to increase affinity of antibody

Answer 26

make single base changes
somatic mutation (mech 7)