Lecture 2- Antibody diversity and T cell development Flashcards
Variability 1 is variation at the… region which is usually consistent with a change of … of the antibody
Fc
biological activity
Variability 2 is variation at the… region which is usually consistent with difference in …
FAB
antigen binding
What are the two types of variation in antibodies?
Fc region- biological activity
FAB region- antigen binding
What region of variability contains both light and heavy chains?
antigen binding
the other only contains heavy chains
Is antigen and antibody interaction through covalent bonding?
No (weak forces)
Interaction between antigen and antibody has a … contact and has perfect matching of….
tight
surface contour
Ag-Ab interaction is highly…. this helps to discriminate between self and non self and between different pathogens
selective
The price to pay for Ag-Ab interaction being highly selective: each antibody can only be used against
very limited types of pathogens
The combination of …. on both light and heavy chains constitutes the antigen- binding site of Ig
CDRs (complementarity-determining region)
VH or VL
2 theories for generating antibody diversity
instructive vs. selective
The instructive theory of generating antibody diversity says that cells respond to antigen by….. the shapes of the antigen and make antibodies accordingly
imprinting
Problems with instructive theory: Antigens do not come in contact with.... and The flow of cellular info is from ... to... NOT from.... to...
- DNA
- DNA to protein
- Protein to DNA
The selective theory of generating antibody diversity says that antibodies are…
premade
Problems with selective theory…
A single B cell produces….
only 1 specificity, we do not have enough genes for this
Mechanism 8 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to
class switching
Mechanism 1 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to … cells that contain…
Pro-B
Germ line DNA
The gene loci for Ig production in Pro-B cells are non-functional duet to the lack of…
open reading frame
Germ line DNA is DNA passed down through the gametes before it is modified by….
somatic recombination or maturation
Mechanism 2 (by which antibody diversity is generated) is related to the production of …. via a random selection of specific DNA segments
Kappa chain
Mechanism 3 is related to the production of
upside down y chain protein
Mechanism 4 is related to the production of
heavy chain protein
Mechanism 5 is related to
Recombinational inaccuracy (sloppy enzyme)
Mechanism 6 is related to
The N-nucleotide addition
H- nucleotide addition is when a few nucleotides may be inserted between .. and… and between … and … to create further diversity
D and JH
VH and D
Mechanism 7 is related to
somatic mutation
After antigen stimulation, The V,D,J genes in B cells can ….(often at CDR region), this is called…. which occurs to increase affinity of antibody
make single base changes somatic mutation (mech 7)
