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SP2017 Micro Exam 3 > Lecture 1- Antigen processing, presentation and co-stimulation > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Antigen processing, presentation and co-stimulation Flashcards

1
Q

5 steps if you mix an e. coli with macrophage?

A
  1. binding
  2. engulfment
  3. phagosome formation (acidification via respiratory burst)
  4. phagosome fuses with lysosome to form phagolysosome
  5. membrane disruption
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2
Q

T cell does NOT recognize: (4)

A

soluble Ag
cell surface Ag
soluble peptides of Ag
Cell surface peptides of Ag

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3
Q

T cell WILL recognize:

A

Cell surface peptides of Ag presented by cells that express MHC antigens

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4
Q

Antigen processing and presentation is the process of taking up a …., processing the… and presenting it to a ….

A
  • microbe
  • antigens
  • naive T cell
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5
Q

Which cells can process and present antigens?

A
  1. dendritic cells
  2. monocytes/macrophages
  3. B cells
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6
Q

Dendritic cells are the primary….. and are a link between….

A
  • APC

- innate and adaptive immunity

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7
Q

Dendritic cells are…. cells

A

phagocytic

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8
Q

Dendritic cells typically express….. molecules

A

MHCII

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9
Q

Dendritic cells …. and…. antigen

A

internalize and process

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10
Q

Dendritic cells present…. within …. on surface

A
  • antigen peptides

- MHCII

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11
Q

Dendritic cells are important for …. and….

A
  • presenting Ag to T cells

- activating T cells

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12
Q

Dendritic cells are a minor population in the …. but are found in….

A
  • minor in blood

- skin, mucosa, LN, spleen, thymus

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13
Q

…. are extremely important for antigen processing, they have a characteristic large nucleus, produce chemotactic agents for other leukocytes, contain arsenal of lysozymes and antimicrobial proteins. Extremely important for clearance of dead cells and debris

A

monocytes/macrophages

5-10% of blood leukocytes

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14
Q

B cells can… but do not….

A

present

process

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15
Q

B cells are a lymphocyte part of the… immunity and can activate…

A
  • adaptive

- T cells

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16
Q

Antigen presentation is a way to concentrate the… in areas most likely to come in contact with…

A

antigen

T and B cells

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17
Q

Process of antigen presentation (getting the antigen to area that will most likely come into contact with B and T cells)
4 steps:

A
  1. microbe infects host
  2. microbe taken up by APC at s.o.i.
  3. APC enters lymph circulation and into LN
  4. Naive T and B cells enter LN from circulation
18
Q

… was linked to graft rejection but later found to be critical importance to all immune responses involving proteins Ags

A

Major histocompatibility complex

19
Q

…. is found on all nucleated cells, is recognized by CD8+ T cells and can have cytoplasmic protein bound to it

A

MHCI

20
Q

….. is found on APCs, extracellular proteins will be bound to it and it is recognized by CD4+ T cells

A

MHCII

21
Q

…. is the process by which antigens are digested and placed on the cell surface with the correct MHC molecule

A

antigen processing

22
Q

There are … pathways for processing antigens

A

2

23
Q

Pathway 1 for processing antigens is when:

Extracellular proteins are internalized by professional APCs into vesicles, processed and displayes by …. molecules

A

MHCII

24
Q

Pathway 2 for processing antigens is when:

Proteins in the cytosol of nucleated cells are processed and displayed by … molecules

A

MHCI

25
Q

Often cytosolic proteins are… proteins

A

viral

26
Q

In pathway 2 (cytosolic), …. binds to proteins which targets them for degradation

A

ubiquitin

27
Q

In pathway 2 (cytosolic proteins):
Ubiquinated proteins are cleaved into smaller peptides by the…
These peptides are transported to ER by…. and then trimmed to correct size by…. so that it can bind to the binding groove of…

Once … binds ag, released from ER, packed in golgi, trafficked to surface, expressed so…. can recognize it

A 
proteosome
TAP transporters
ERAP
MHCI
MHCI
CD8+ T cell
28
Q

In pathway 1 (extracellular proteins):
Extracellular are taken up into vesicular compartments of… then there is formation of the…. as well as degradation of the microbe by…. and…
The… is syn. in ER, packed in golgi and then transported to phagolysosome where it fuses and the ag binds to binding groove before it goes to the surface and is expressed so that … can recognize it

A
  • APC
  • phagolysosome
  • ROS/NO and enzymes
  • MHCII
  • CD4+
29
Q

Antigen processing and presentation is essential for activation of naive T cells but…

A

that alone is not sufficient to activate them. Multiple receptors on T cellss need to be engaged as well

30
Q

CD8+ are… restricted and recognize…

A

MHCI

cytosolic proteins

31
Q

CD4+ are… restricted and recognize….

A
  • MHCII

- extracellular/intravesicular proteins

32
Q

Recognition of antigen ( and MHC) in the absence of …. fails to activate T cell, in fact it leads to …. of the T cekk

A
  • co-stimulation

- anergy

33
Q

Multiple receptors on T cell need to be engaged in order to activate it, these receptors together are referred to as the…

A

immunological synapse

34
Q

The immunological synapse:

  1. TCR recognizing….
  2. CD4 recognizing…
  3. CD28 on T cell recognizing…
  4. LFA-1 on T cell recognizing…

same in CD8
except CD8–>MHCI

A
  1. TCR–> antigen
  2. CD4–> MHCII
  3. CD28 on T cell–> B7 on APC
  4. LFA-1 on T cell–> ICAM-1 on APC
35
Q

At the termination of the immune response, …. replaces CD28 and downregulated T cell function

A

CTLA-4

36
Q

Absence of co-stimulatory molecules, T cell will…

A

not be activated (anergy)

37
Q

Absence of antigen-TCR interaction, …

A

T cell will not be stimulated (no efffect)

38
Q

B7 receptors play a role in … and…

A

activating T cells AND terminating the T cell response

39
Q

B7 is bound by CD28 but then is bound by … at termination of immune response

A

CTLA-4

40
Q

CTLA-4 can … CD28 binding to B7

A

competitively inhibit

41
Q

CTLA-4, when bound to B&, will actively block signals from the… and from the…

A

TCR

CD28

SP2017 Micro Exam 3 (8 decks)

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