Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Interventions after disease or injury occurs.

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2
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Interventions after a disease process has begun but before it is symptomatic.

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3
Q

Primary prevention

A

Intervention before there is evidence of disease or injury.

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4
Q

Tertiary care

A

Very specialized consultative care, usually in-hospital.

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5
Q

Secondary care

A

Services provided by medical specialists

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6
Q

Primary care

A

First point of consultation, often with a general practitioner or family physician.

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7
Q

Primary health care

A

An approach to health policy and service provision that includes population-level public health functions as well as individual patient care.

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8
Q

Who pays for inpatient rehabilitation?

A

The provinces.

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9
Q

Who pays for outpatient rehabilitation services?

A

Patients pay out of pocket or it is covered by workers compensation or private health insurance.

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10
Q

Who pays for pharmaceutical care in hospitals?

A

Public provincial insurance.

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11
Q

Who pays for pharmaceuticals for outpatients?

A

Private insurance, public insurance and out-of-pocket.

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12
Q

Who pays for long-term care?

A

Provincial/territorial governments, except for room and board which is paid out-of-pocket by patients.

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13
Q

Are informal caregivers compensated for their work in anyway?

A

Tax credits. Paid leave. But for the most part, they are not compensated.

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14
Q

Who pays for dental care?

A

Private health insurance or out-of-pocket by patients. With some exceptions, such as the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program pays for dental care for First Nations and Inuit people.

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15
Q

What age group has the highest proportion of female physicians?

A

The younger age groups have a higher proportion.

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16
Q

What percent of physicians in Canada have been internationally trained?

A

More than a quarter.

17
Q

Of the internationally trained physicians in Canada, which country did the highest number of these physicians come from?

A

South Africa

18
Q

Scope of practice

A

The procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license.

19
Q

Interprofessional team models

A

Teams with different healthcare disciplines working together toward common goals to meet the needs of a patient population. Team members divide the work based on their scope of practice; and they share information to support one another’s work and coordinate processes and interventions to provide a number of services and programs.

20
Q

Cultural awareness

A

Acknowledgement of differences

21
Q

Cultural sensitivity

A

Respecting difference

22
Q

Cultural competence

A

Focuses on the skills, knowledge, and attitudes of practitioners.

23
Q

Cultural safety

A

Analyzes power imbalances, institutional discrimination, colonization and colonial relationships as they apply to health care. Requires self-reflection and analysis of power differentials - we are all bearers of culture and our own culture impacts our behaviour.

24
Q

Institutionalized racism

A

The structure of society and the codified institutions of practice, law, and governmental inaction in the face of need.

25
Q

Personally mediated racism

A

The prejudice and discrimination that can manifest itself as a lack of respect, suspicion, devaluation, scapegoating, and dehumanization.

26
Q

Internalized racism

A

Where those who are stigmatized believe it.

27
Q

Internalized racism leads to…

A

Resignation, helplessness, and lack of hope.

28
Q

Policy

A

A set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or group of actors concerning the selection of goals and the means of achieving them within a specified situation where these decisions should, in principle, be within the power of these actors to achieve.

29
Q

3 I’s

A

Interests, ideas, and institutions.

30
Q

Interests

A

Agendas of societal groups, elected officials, civil servants, researchers, and policy entrepreneurs.

31
Q

Ideas

A

Knowledge or beliefs about what is, views about what out to be, or a combination of the thwo.

32
Q

Institutions

A

The formal and informal rules, norms, precedents, and organizational factors that structure political behaviour.

33
Q

Path dependence

A

The range of options available is limited by choices made in the past, even when the circumstances giving rise to those circumstances are no longer relevant.

34
Q

Stages Heuristic

A

A “textbook approach” policy divided into the following distinct stages: Agenda -> Policy formulation -> Policy adoption -> Policy implementation -> Policy assessment

35
Q

Multiple Streams Framework

A

Windows of opportunity when recognition of a problem, an acceptable solution and politics all align.

36
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium Framework

A

Long periods of small, incremental changes punctuated by brief bursts of major policy shifts.