Book - Chapter 1

Question 1

Policy

Answer 1

A set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or group of actors concerning the selection of goals and the means of achieving them within a specified situation where these decisions should, in principle, be within the power of these actors to achieve.

Question 2

Non-decisions

Answer 2

Deciding not to change

Question 3

Ideas

Answer 3

Deal with values and with what we want to do. They help us structure how we see the world and what we think is important.

Question 4

3Is

Answer 4

Ideas, institutions, and interests.

Question 5

Institutions

Answer 5

Structures within which decisions will be made, including who will and will not be at the table, and the rules of the game.

Question 6

Interests

Answer 6

Stakeholders - those who can affect or be affected by what the organization does or what policy is adopted.

Question 7

Concentrated interests

Answer 7

Those who have a major steak in a particular issue

Question 8

Diffuse interests

Answer 8

Those for whom that issue is just one of many possible things they might be involved in.

Question 9

Security

Answer 9

Satisfying our minimum human needs

Question 10

Liberty

Answer 10

To allow people to do what they want, as long as they do not harm others.

Question 11

Equity

Answer 11

Treating likes alike

Question 12

Efficiency

Answer 12

Getting the most for the money spent

Question 13

Policy instruments

Answer 13

The tools available to help achieve the selected policy goals

Question 14

Exhortation tools

Answer 14

Encouraging people to behave in a certain way without forcing them to do so

Question 15

Expenditure tools

Answer 15

Spending money

Question 16

Taxation tools

Answer 16

Using tax policy to encourage or discourage certain activities

Question 17

Regulation tools

Answer 17

Setting rules that will encourage or penalize particular activities

Question 18

Public ownership tools

Answer 18

Government directly running an activity

Question 19

Healthcare

Answer 19

Services aimed at improving or maintaining health, which may also include preventing disease.

Question 20

Health as defined by the World Health Organization

Answer 20

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 21

What type of definition does the Healthcare System usually for health?

Answer 21

Sickness care

Question 22

Human biology (category of factors that affect the health of populations)

Answer 22

The biological causes of disease, including genetic inheritance.

Question 23

Environment (category of factors that affect the health of populations)

Answer 23

Both physical and social environmental factors over which individuals would have a little or no control

Question 24

Lifestyle (category of factors that affect the health of populations)

Answer 24

Personal decisions that could contribute to how healthy a person was

Question 25

Healthcare organization (category of factors that affect the health of populations)

Answer 25

Clinical services to patients

Question 26

Key determinants of health according to the public health agency of Canada

Answer 26

Income and social status, social support networks, education and literacy, working conditions and employment, physical environments, personal health practises and coping skills, healthy child development, biology and genetic endowment, health services, gender, and culture.

Question 27

Public health

Answer 27

The maintenance and improvement of the health of all the people.

Question 28

Population health

Answer 28

Seeks to improve the health of the entire population by acting on the broad range of factors and conditions that have a strong influence on our health.

Question 29

Primary prevention

Answer 29

Stops disease or injury before it happens

Question 30

Secondary prevention

Answer 30

Tries to reduce the impact of an existing disease or injury (through early detection and treatment).

Question 31

Tertiary prevention

Answer 31

Helps people manage long-term health problems and less improve their quality of life.

Question 32

Public goods (aka collective goods)

Answer 32

Non-rivalrous and non-excludable

Question 33

Private goods

Answer 33

Rivalrous and excludible

Question 34

Rivalry in consumption

Answer 34

What one person consumes cannot be consumed by anyone else

Question 35

Excludability

Answer 35

A particular person has exclusive control over an item

Question 36

Herd immunity

Answer 36

Once a high enough proportion of the population is immune to a communicable disease, the infectious agent finds it harder to find a new host to infect.

Question 37

Free rider problem

Answer 37

Purely rational individuals have an incentive to avoid paying for public goods, knowing that they will still be able to obtain the benefits as long as others agree to pay.

Question 38

Externalities

Answer 38

When private costs and benefits are not the same as social costs and benefits

Question 39

Merit goods/club goods

Answer 39

Goods and services but do not meet the definition of public goods but are still considered good for the public