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Resp > Lecture 2 & 3- Mechanics of breathing > Flashcards

Lecture 2 & 3- Mechanics of breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of breathing

A

The bodily function that leads to ventilation of the lungs. (Also known as external respiration)

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2
Q

What is the definition of ventilation

A

the process of moving gases in (inspiration) and out (expiration) of the lungs

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3
Q

Definition of the ‘Mechanics of breathing’

A

describes the structural and physiological bases of ventilation

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4
Q

Give three examples of obstructive lung disease

A

Asthma, COPD, lung cancer

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5
Q

Give three examples of restrictive lung disease

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumothorax, disorders of thoracic skeleton

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6
Q

Is ΔP dependent on atmospheric pressure or pressure in the alveoli?

A

Alveoli- Atmospheric pressure remains constant

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7
Q

What do the sternocleidomastoids do?

A

Elevate the sternum

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8
Q

What do the neck muscles do?

A

Pull ribcage upwards

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9
Q

What does scalenus major and minor muscles do?

A

elevate first two ribs and sternum

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10
Q

What do the oblique, transversus and rectus abdominis muscles do?

A

pull ribcage downwards

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11
Q

What do pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi do?

A

Pull ribcage outwards (by fixing shoulder girdle)

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12
Q

What nerves is the diaphragm innervated by?

A

C3,4,5

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13
Q

What is the definition of tidal volume

A

The volume of air breathed in/out during normal breathing

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14
Q

What is the definition of residual volume

A

The volume of air left in the lungs after forced expiration

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15
Q

Expiratory reserve volume definition

A

Maximum amount of air breathed out after normal inspiration

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16
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume definition

A

maximum amount of air breathed in after normal expiration

17
Q

Total lung capacity definition

A

TV+IRV+ERV+RV

18
Q

Fuctional residual capacity definition

A

ERV+RV

19
Q

Vital capacity definition

A

IRV+TV+ERV

20
Q

If a patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of below 0.7

A

Obstructive- FEV1 reduced largely

21
Q

How would you distinguish between asthma and COPD

A

In asthma FEV1 would return to normal after salbutamol (inhaler) as it is reversible

22
Q

What is the definition of compliance?

A

Change in lung volume per unit change in intrathoracic pressure- (low compliance needs high pressure for same change in volume)

23
Q

what type of cells produce surfactant

A

type II alveolar cells

24
Q

Is surfactant overproduced or deficient in respiratory distress syndrome

A

deficient

25
Q

Define the work of breathing

A

energy used in inspiration the overcome elastic forces is stored as potential energy which is dissipated in expiration

Resp (7 decks)

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