Lecture 2

Question 1

Choosing a healthy diet

Answer 1

Eat variety of foods
Eat a balanced diet
Eat in moderation
Avoid excess Kcalorie intake
Principles applied in Canada's Food Guide

Question 2

Portion Distortion

Answer 2

Serving sizes of all food items have increased
Size increase causes increased Kcalorie
People don’t notice increase and overeat as a result
Soft drinks starting to decrease in size

Question 3

The Scientific Method

Answer 3

Hypothesis
Experiment - test hypothesis
Results analyzed
Conclusion - accept or reject hypothesis
Publication - for peer review and spark more experiments
Reproducibility - strengthens the hypothesis

Question 4

Hypothesis Generation

Answer 4

Generate an hypothesis about a diet, food or nutrient and its relationship to disease

Question 5

Observational Studies

Answer 5

Determines an association or correlation between diet and health
2 Types: Prospective cohort and Case-control study

Question 6

Intervention Trial

Answer 6

Finds causation or causal link between diet and health

Question 7

Limits of Observational studies

Answer 7

Confounding factors may affect the outcome drastically
Only identified confounding factors can be corrected
Unknown Confounding -> residual confounding

Question 8

Intervention Trial (2)

Answer 8

Control Group - Typical diet of population

Intervention/treatment group - substantial change in diet

Question 9

Randomization

Answer 9

Assignment to control or treatment group by chance
Confounding factors are equally distributed to both groups
Only differences is treatment
Treatment alters outcome then casual link is made