Lecture 1 Flashcards
Chronic Disease
Develops slowly
Lasts a long time
Good nutrition can reduce risk of chronic disease
Essential Nutrients
Essential to human life
Must be provided by the diet
Cannot me made in body
Essential Nutrients Absent
Causes Deficiency symptoms
Can lead to death
Adding nutrient removes symptoms
What are Macro nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
What are Amino Acids?
Compounds that are building blocks of proteins
Essential and nonessential amino acids
What is energy of Carbs, Protein and Fats?
4 Kcal, 4 Kcal and 9 Kcal
Measured in cal, Kcal, Cal and joules
What is Starch?
A digestible Carb
Source of energy
Found in Rice
What are Triglycerides?
The major chemical form of lipids in food
An ester of Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are Poly- and Mono-unsaturated Fats?
Fatty Acids that contain double bonds (DB)
Good for health
Common in plant oils
What is dietary Fiber?
Indigestible carbs
Carb may be fermented by large intestine microflora
Limited source of energy
Found in whole grains
What is glucose?
A carb circulating in blood
A monosaccharide
Energy source for brain
What are micro-nutrients?
Essential nutrients needed in small amounts
Vitamins and minerals
What are vitamins?
Organic micro nutrients required for metabolic processes
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
Stored in the liver and adipose tissue
Not rapidly depleted from the body
Toxic in high intakes
A, D, E,and K
What are water-soluble vitamins?
Not stored in body includes B vitamins and vitamin C Rapidly depleted, need to be consumer regularly B12 is conserved efficiently Excess vitamins excreted in urine
