Lecture 2

Question 1

Proteins and its importance for the animal body?

Answer 1

They are a string of amino acids, which contain nitrogen. Nitrogen is vital as in the environment it is in short supply therefore, it is reused, through the nitrogen cycle.

It is also responsible for biochemical reactions, movement, and other internal mechanisms

It comes from the translation of mRNA

Question 2

What are lipids and how do they contribute to the functioning of the animal body?

Answer 2

It is hydrophobic, meaning it’s vital for separating things as water is not able to cross. This includes energy storage, signalling hormones, and reducing water permeability.

Question 3

What are carbohydrates and how do they contribute to the functioning to the animal body?

Answer 3

They are saccharides, sugars that help with transport of sugars in the blood, they provide energy for the body (Salts, and electrolytes) also it helps with the structure of the body (chitin and cellulose, which humans are incapable of breaking down)

Question 4

What is the importance of vitamins and how do they function to help the body?

Answer 4

They are desired as certain nutrients needed you cannot consume, because they cannot be synthesized.

Question 5

What are minerals and how do thy vary from vitamins?

Answer 5

They are a chemical element extracted from the environment, which are used for protein production, such as iron

Question 6

How have whales evolved to all of for maximum food consumption?

Answer 6

As you go through the food chain, when an animal consumes another, energy is lost. therefore that animals that are higher on the food chain do not contain sustainable amounts of desired nutrients, therefore looking at the bottom of the food chain, with, krill they have maximum desired things for their body size, therefore whales adapted to mass consume these to be more efficient in energy consumption, via suspension feeding, baleen plates are what does such.

Question 7

What are the different symbionts.. and how they receive their energy?

Answer 7

1. Photosynthetic autotrophs: from the sun
2. Chemosynthetic autotrophs, from sulfate that is reduced and then oxidized to extract oxygen
3. Gut fermentation

Question 8

What is gut fermentation and how does it work?

Answer 8

Ot uses the foregut and the hind-gut to breakdown cellulose and then synthesize the vitamins and amino acids within, and then from that the waste products are recycled and nitrogen goes through nitrogen fixation