Lecture 10

Question 1

What kind of respiratory system do birds have (avians)?

Answer 1

Their method of breathing Is efficient, by using cross-current gas exchange. This efficiency is due to the large surface areas and the thin membranes for the gas exchange.

Question 2

What does inhalation and exhalation of birds look like

Answer 2

1. the posterior air sac will expand from the inhalation of o2, this fresh air then will flow through the parabronuhi from posterior to anterior air sacs, when it reaches the posterior, it will fill up with CO2, because in the parabronchii is the diffusion of o2 into the blood and diffusion of CO2 into lungs, then when the stale air fills this sac it is released, by the compression of the anterior air sacs and pushed out through where the fresh o2 came in

Question 3

how does aquatic invertebrates like jellyfish breathe?

Answer 3

While there are no specialized structures, gas does cross the body surface, some have gills, like gill sheets, and some have suspended gills, like molluscs

Question 4

In decapods how do they breathe

Answer 4

The carapace encloses lateral chambers – branchial chambers – where the gills lie

Question 5

How do insects breathe?

Answer 5

Bring the gas exchange surface
close to every cell in their
bodies:
- The circulatory system plays
almost no part in O2
transport
- Diffusion is the primary
mechanism of gas transport
through the tracheal system

Question 6

What are respiratory pigments?

Answer 6

They are metalloproteins, that cause coloration. They undergo reverse combination with oxygen, and this causes the increase of oxygen into the circulatory system

Question 7

What is hemoglobin and how does it intertwine with respiratory pigments?

Answer 7

Its a type of respiratory pigment (family)/ transport proteins

Question 8

What are chlorocruorins?

Answer 8

Green hemoglobins found in annelids, they differ from the normal hemoglobin because they contain a different iron structure.

Question 9

Why do humans frustrations and worms and marine worms have different coloured blood?

Answer 9

Th9s is due to their respiratory pigment structure, each of them varies in structure, and because of this this influences the amount of O2 in the blood but also the colour emitted.