Lecture 2

Question 1

Genes can be dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles are expressed, recessive
alleles are not expressed

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel and dominant-recessive genes

Question 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

linear portion of DNA that codes for a protein.

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

long strand of DNA made up of many genes

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

an alternative form of a gene

Answer 5

alleles

Question 6

produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent and
contain half as much DNA

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

produces two genetically identical daughter cells from single parent
cell

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

the total amount of genetic material found in a distinct group
that interbreeds

Answer 8

gene pool

Question 9

when an individual from a different population enters a group
and breeds

Answer 9

gene flow

Question 10

Variation:during meiosis, mixing up of genes
and recombination/crossing over = genetic material swapped between
DNA on chromosomes - new genetic combinations occur and offspring with
a combination of traits that can be different from those found in either
parent

Answer 10

Genetic mixing and recombination

Question 11

Variation:addition/deletion of DNA segments, hemophilia, sickle-cell disease

Answer 11

Errors can occur when DNA is replicated

Question 12

Variation: UV skin cancer, arsenic, formaldehyde in cigarette smoke

Answer 12

Induced by mutagens

Question 13

individual’s genetic makeup

Answer 13

Genotype

Question 14

outward, physical appearance - based on expression of genes and how genes interact with environment

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

mating of unrelated, yet similar animals - increases
heterozygosity

Answer 15

Outbreeding

Question 16

mating of two closely related animals - increases homozygosity

Answer 16

Inbreeding

Question 17

a course of behavior that has successfully resulted in an animal
finding optimal solutions regarding the necessities of life

Answer 17

Strategy

Question 18

when an animal is most efficient in all their behaviors
such as foraging, anti-predator, mating behavior, etc.

Answer 18

Optimality theory

Question 19

a strategy so efficient and successful that it would not be replaced by
another strategy UNLESS conditions changed in an animal’s environment

Answer 19

Evolutionary Stable Strategy

Question 20

one composed of several pure strategy
component - has an alternative strategy depends on things it interacts with

Answer 20

Mixed Evolutionary Stable Strategy

Question 21

when several different genes may influence a certain behavior
or trait.

Answer 21

Polygeny

Question 22

a single gene regulates many different structures and behaviors.

Answer 22

Pleiotropy

Question 23

a selection whereby those traits related to reproductive success are emphasized and in turn, selected for and then passed onto the next generation

Answer 23

Sexual selection

Question 24

how many biological offspring an individual has

Answer 24

Direct Fitness

Question 25

how many biological offspring your (blood- genetic) relatives have

Answer 25

Indirect Fitness

Question 26

refers to the biological and genetic factors that influence
an individual’s traits

Answer 26

Nature

Question 27

refers to the environmental factors, that shape their development

Answer 27

Nurture

Question 28

females defeminized, reaches sexual maturity later,
fewer offspring than 0M female

Answer 28

Intrauterine Effects - 2M Females

Question 29

more aggressive in securing mates than 1M or 0M. Had more
offspring

Answer 29

Intrauterine Effects - 2M Males

Question 30

females are nurturing and have hormone release and genes for nurturing behavior

Answer 30

FosB Gene

Question 31

Interaction of genes, experience and the environment (peripheral to genetics)

Answer 31

Epigenetics defined