Lecture 1

Question 1

All individuals are born with slight variation

Answer 1

First major tenet of natural selection

Question 2

Some of these differences are neutral, some bad, and some give an advantage

Answer 2

Second major tenet of natural selection

Question 3

Animals with this “advantage” trait will breed successfully and pass the trait onto their offspring

Answer 3

Third major tenet of natural selection

Question 4

These variations as they are accrue through the course of many generations
and will give rise to new species

Answer 4

Fifth major tenet of natural selection

Question 5

Those most fit for their environment will survive while others can not keep up and die out (weeding out)

Answer 5

Fourth major tenet of natural selection

Question 6

Function and evolution of behavior

Answer 6

Ethology

Question 7

Ethologist, studied animal behavior, studied Gull chick picking at red spot on parent’s beak to induce feeding behavior by parent

Answer 7

Tinbergen

Question 8

Studied imprinting behavior, which is instinctual; first moving object that
gosling saw made it instinctually believe that the moving object was its parent
and it imprinted upon it - had gosling imprint on him by being the first
moving thing they saw

Answer 8

Lorenz

Question 9

Honeybees (Nobel Prize 1973) - bees use the waggle dance to
communicate with each other to find where locations of flowers are

Answer 9

Von Frisch

Question 10

Behavior that appears in its full form on its first expression,
often triggered by a cue/releaser

Answer 10

Instinct

Question 11

Oval with red belly made actual male stickleback fish attack it because it looked like another male. Oval with gray belly made male stickleback fish release mating behavior because it looked like a female stickleback.

Answer 11

Stickleback instinct experiment

Question 12

Something that triggers an instinctual behavior

Answer 12

Releaser

Question 13

immediate cause of a behavior such as an animal’s hormones, muscles, nerves, and stimulus. Components and mechanisms that actually cause an animal to move and behave in a certain manner

Answer 13

Proimate cuasation

Question 14

overarching reason why a behavior is advantageous to an animal. Ultimately it may bestow an evolutionary benefit to the individual, have more surviving offspring = higher fitness

Answer 14

Ultimate causation

Question 15

Ability for an animal to survive, mate, and pass on its genetic
material to the next generation

Answer 15

Fitness

Question 16

inherited trait that provides more fitness advantages than other competing traits in a distinct environmental setting

Answer 16

Adaptation

Question 17

trend that involves a trait that often undergoes small
changes that is carried on through many generations and bestows a benefit
to the animal. When it stops being a benefit, there are no more changes
along that line.

Answer 17

Evolutionary trend