Lecture 11 Flashcards
Colonial invertebrates, different organisms that comprise a super-organism. Are physiologically integrated - can be separated by cannot live on their own
Zooid
Coral - colonial invertebrate
Man-of-war
Animal example of a zooid
- Cooperative care of the young
- Non-fertile members support fertile members
- There may be two or more generations overlapping in the same colony
Three major characteristics of eusocial animals
Females develop from fertilized eggs - diploid (sexual reproduction)
Males develop from unfertilized eggs - haploid (asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis)
Honeybees and haplodiploid
Parasite exploits food resources, parasite feeds on host’s tissue or blood, parasite often specializes on one host, may or may not kill the host, often smaller than the host. (tend to be more benign, are slow growing and don’t usually kill their host or get the host sick)
Conventional parasitism
Ticks, tapeworms, leeches, roundworms
Animal examples of conventional parasitism
When an animal lays its eggs in a host and the eggs hatch out and the larvae consumes the host
Parasitoidism
Parasitoid wasps - wasps lay eggs in the hornworm, the larvae eat the caterpillar and emerge to spin a cocoon and metamorphose into an adult wasp.
Example of a parasitoid animal
When an animal steal from another (may be nesting material, ornaments, food)
Kleptoparasitism
Frigate bird steals food, Satin Bower Bird steals ornaments
Animal examples of kleptoparasitism
Parasite gets its host to raise its young (can be a specialist or generalist)
Social parasitism
Cowbird parasitizes over 200 species of eggs - lays egg in nest of warbler for it to raise
Animal example of social parasitism
A close, prolonged association between two or more different biological species.
Commensalism - one animal benefits while the situation is benign for the other
Mutualism - both animals benefit
Symbiotic relationships
Crustacean carries a poisonous mollusk on his back
Commensalism/symbiotic relationship
Nocturnal bats drink nectar and pollinates the flowers
Mutualism/symbiotic relationship
each have two copies of each chromosome. Termites have an XX/XY sex determination system, which is different from the haplodiploidy system found in other insects, like bees and ants, unusual gene sharing between sexes makes them highly related
Diploid sexes and termites
Eusocial mammal that exhibit non-fertile members helping fertile members, are
long lived and have long gestation (unlike any other eusocial), high ranking female
replaces queen and queen has many overlapping generations to keep robust army,
also cooperative care of young.
Naked mole rat - major life history traits
Zooid
Colonial invertebrates, different organisms that comprise a super-organism. Are physiologically integrated - can be separated by cannot live on their own
Animal example of a zooid
Coral - colonial invertebrate
Man-of-war
Three major characteristics of eusocial animals
- Cooperative care of the young
- Non-fertile members support fertile members
- There may be two or more generations overlapping in the same colony
Honeybees and haplodiploid
Females develop from fertilized eggs - diploid (sexual reproduction)
Males develop from unfertilized eggs - haploid (asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis)
Conventional parasitism
Parasite exploits food resources, parasite feeds on host’s tissue or blood, parasite often specializes on one host, may or may not kill the host, often smaller than the host. (tend to be more benign, are slow growing and don’t usually kill their host or get the host sick)
Animal examples of conventional parasitism
Ticks, tapeworms, leeches, roundworms
Parasitoidism
When an animal lays its eggs in a host and the eggs hatch out and the larvae consumes the host
Example of a parasitoid animal
Parasitoid wasps - wasps lay eggs in the hornworm, the larvae eat the caterpillar and emerge to spin a cocoon and metamorphose into an adult wasp.
Kleptoparasitism
When an animal steal from another (may be nesting material, ornaments, food)
Animal examples of kleptoparasitism
Frigate bird steals food, Satin Bower Bird steals ornaments
Social parasitism
Parasite gets its host to raise its young (can be a specialist or generalist)
Animal example of social parasitism
Cowbird parasitizes over 200 species of eggs - lays egg in nest of warbler for it to raise
Symbiotic relationships
A close, prolonged association between two or more different biological species.
Commensalism - one animal benefits while the situation is benign for the other
Mutualism - both animals benefit
Commensalism/symbiotic relationship
Crustacean carries a poisonous mollusk on his back
Mutualism/symbiotic relationship
Nocturnal bats drink nectar and pollinates the flowers
Diploid sexes and termites
each have two copies of each chromosome. Termites have an XX/XY sex determination system, which is different from the haplodiploidy system found in other insects, like bees and ants, unusual gene sharing between sexes makes them highly related
Naked mole rat - major life history traits
Eusocial mammal that exhibit non-fertile members helping fertile members, are
long lived and have long gestation (unlike any other eusocial), high ranking female
replaces queen and queen has many overlapping generations to keep robust army,
also cooperative care of young.
