Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastro 1 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory organs to the GI tract?

A

Pancreas, gall bladder and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 types of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous, columnar and cuboidal, stratified squamous, columnar and cuboidal. Pseudostraitifed also

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 main epithelia of the GI tract?

A

Stratified squamous and simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of epithelia is present in the oral cavity, oesophagus and lower third of the anus? What is the function?

A

Stratified squamous. Protection from motility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of epithelia is present in the stomach, small and large intestine? What is the function?

A

Simple columnar. Absorption and secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What other types of cells are present within the epithelium layer?

A

Goblet cells and endocrine cells. These secrete mucus and hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the features of the lamina propria?

A

The scaffold on which the epithelium is built upon. Has blood vessel endings for supplying oxygen and removing absorbed nutrients. Lymphatic system for removing absorbed fat. Packed with lymphocytes as the GI tracts first immunological defence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the muscularis mucosa?

A

A thin layer of smooth muscle cells that provide local control of villi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which layer is below the mucosa?

A

The submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

dense connective tissue that contains the submucosal plexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the submucosal plexus control?

A

Secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?

A

Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the muscularis externa do?

A

Control peristaltic movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sits between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers?

A

The myenteric plexus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most external layer of the GI tract called?

A

The serosa/adventitia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the adventitia contain?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatics, enzyme and fluid rich secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the functional unit of the salivary gland?

A

The acinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary secretion of the salivary gland?

A

Isotonic solution of fluid and electrolytes into the acinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What occurs in the ducts of the salivary glands?

A

NaCl absorption and HCO3- secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is saliva NaCl or HCO3- rich?

A

Saliva is a bicarbonate rich secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What glands does the parasympathetic nervous system stimulate?

A

Parotid- need for serous saliva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to salivary glands?

A

Inhibits stimulation of the parotids, and some stimulation of the sublingual for mucus saliva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what point does the oesophagus pass through the diagragm?

A

The lower oesophageal sphincter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which parts of the oesophagus is skeletal and smooth muscle?

A

Top 1/3 is skeletal, rest is smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What nerve innervates the oesophagus?

A

The vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the different sections of the stomach top to bottom?

A

The fundus, body/corpus, antrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Parietal cells from which part of the stomach secrete HCl?

A

The body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Are goblet cells in the stomach?

A

No, the mucus secreting cells are mucus neck cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What factors protect the stomach from acid?

A

Mucus, bicarbonate, tight junctions between columnar epithelium.

31
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

32
Q

What separates the stomach from the duodenum?

A

The pyloric sphincter.

33
Q

Where is the duodenojejunal junction?

A

To the left of the L2 vertebrae.

34
Q

Where is the junction between the jejunum and ileum?

A

This is anatomically indistinct.

35
Q

What anchors the jejunum and ileum to the posterior body wall?

A

The mesentery

36
Q

Which parts of the SI are the main absorption sites?

A

The jejunum and ileum.

37
Q

What are the folds of the small intestine called?

A

Plicae circulares.

38
Q

What is the functional unit of absorption?

A

The villus.

39
Q

The specialised cells of the villus arise from undifferentiated cells from the base of the ….

A

crypts

40
Q

What are the 4 types of specialised cells in the small intestine villus?

A

Absorptive cells, Goblet cells, Granular cells, APUD cells

41
Q

What do absorptive cells do?

A

Absorb nutrients. They are also called enterocytes.

42
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

Secrete mucus which lubricates the epithelium to protect against damage.

43
Q

What do granular cells do?

A

Secrete enzymes to protect against bacteria

44
Q

What do APUD cells do?

A

produce endocrine secretions

45
Q

The capillaries that are present within each villi drain into what?

A

The portal vein.

46
Q

What two veins join to form the portal vein?

A

The superior and inferior mesenteric veins.

47
Q

Where does the portal vein go to?

A

The liver

48
Q

What is a blind ended lymph vessel and what does it transport?

A

A lacteal- it transports absorbed fats

49
Q

Where does the liver sit?

A

The right upper quadrant of the abdomen

50
Q

Which lobe of the liver is bigger?

A

The right lobe

51
Q

What occurs in the liver?

A

Filtering and detoxification of absorbed materials. Synthesis of proteins, glycogen storage and bile production.

52
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver?

A

The lobule

53
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

54
Q

What artery brings oxygenated blood to the periphery of the lobule?

A

The hepatic artery (this originates from the abdominal aorta)

55
Q

What also enters the lobule at the periphery?

A

The portal vein.

56
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged?

A

In a 3D lattice

57
Q

What are the capillaries called that run between the layers of hepatocytes?

A

Sinusoids.

58
Q

What removes substances excreted by hepatocytes?

A

Canaliculi which drains into bile ducts.

59
Q

What 2 ducts join to make the common hepatic duct?

A

The left and right hepatic ducts.

60
Q

What joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct?

A

The cystic duct from the gall bladder.

61
Q

What stimulates the gall bladder to secrete bile?

A

The presence of food in the duodenum

62
Q

At what point does the common bile duct enter the duodenum?

A

The sphincter of Oddi

63
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

Horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall.

64
Q

What are the two main components of pancreatic juice?

A

Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate rich fluid

65
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct join the common bile duct?

A

Ampulla of Vater

66
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Water and ion absorption

67
Q

What is the first section of the large intestine?

A

The caecum

68
Q

Where is the caecum?

A

The right lower quadrant.

69
Q

What is located at the left colic flexure?

A

The spleen

70
Q

Do the epithelia of the large intestine have villi?

A

No

71
Q

Does the small or large intestine have more goblet cells?

A

The large intestine has more goblet cells

72
Q

How does the longitudinal muscle layer in the large intestine differ?

A

It is not continuous, it is separated into 3 bands called the taeniae coli.

73
Q

At what level does the rectum begin?

A

S3 vertebrae

Gastro 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions