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Gastro 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 key functions of the GI tract?

A

Motility, secretion, digestion and absorption

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2
Q

What motility occurs in the oral cavity?

A

Chewing and swallowing

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3
Q

What secretion occurs in the oral cavity?

A

Mainly amylase, some lingual lipase and some protease.

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4
Q

What digestion occurs in the oral cavity?

A

Mainly of carbohydrates by salivary amylase. only some digestion of lipids and proteins

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5
Q

Is there any absorption in the oral cavity?

A

No

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6
Q

What is the motility of the oesophagus called?

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What are the three types of salivary gland?

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

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8
Q

What type of saliva is secreted by the parotid salivary glands?

A

Watery

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9
Q

What type of saliva is secreted by the sublingual glands?

A

Thick mucus saliva

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10
Q

What type of saliva is secreted by the submandibular glands?

A

Mixture of both watery and mucus

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11
Q

What motility occurs in the stomach?

A

Peristalsis

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12
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

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13
Q

What is the purpose of HCl?

A

Activates pepsin and is antibacterial

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14
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

Complexes with vitamin B12 to aid its absorption

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15
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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16
Q

What does pepsinogen do?

A

Activated by low pH to pepsin for protein digestion

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17
Q

What does gastric lipase do?

A

Digests fat

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18
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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19
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

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20
Q

What do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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21
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Promotes gastric acid secretion

22
Q

What do mucus neck cells secrete?

A

Mucus and bicarbonate

23
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Physical barrier between epithelium and lumen contents

24
Q

What does bicarbonate do?

A

Buffers gastric acid to protect the epithelium

25
Q

What do ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

26
Q

What is histamine for?

A

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

27
Q

What 2 main substances are digested in the stomach?

A

Fats and proteins

28
Q

What can be absorbed in the stomach?

A

Alcohol and lipid soluble substances/drugs like NSAIDS.

29
Q

What is motility like in the small intestine?

A

Slow which allows for time for mixing up with enzymes and bicarbonate secretions

30
Q

What organs secrete substances into the small intestine?

A

The pancreas secretes enzymes and bicarbonate, the gall bladder secretes bile.

31
Q

What secretions occur in small intestines?

A

Mucus from goblet cells, hormones such as CCK, secretin and GIP

32
Q

What is digested in the small intestines?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, polypeptides, nucleic acids

33
Q

How are proteins absorbed in the small intestine?

A

Active transport

34
Q

How is glucose, fructose and amino acids absorbed?

A

by secondary active transport.

35
Q

How are fats absorbed?

A

Simple diffusion

36
Q

How are vitamins and minerals absorbed?

A

Active transport

37
Q

How is water absorbed?

A

Osmosis

38
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Fluid absorption

39
Q

What is secreted in the large intestine?

A

Mucus from goblet cells

40
Q

What is the external layer of the GI tract?

A

Serosa which is connective tissue

41
Q

What are the two layers of muscle?

A

Longitudinal and circular

42
Q

What nerve plexus sits between the two layers of muscle?

A

Myenteric plexus

43
Q

What nerve plexus sits below the circular muscle?

A

Submucosal plexus

44
Q

What layer is below the circular muscle?

A

Submucosa

45
Q

What is within the submucosa?

A

Glands

46
Q

What does the myenteric plexus control?

A

Motility

47
Q

What does the submucosal plexus control?

A

Secretions from glands

48
Q

What is below the submucosa?

A

The muscularis mucosa

49
Q

What is under the muscularis mucosa?

A

Lamina propria

50
Q

What is under the lamina propria?

A

Epithelium

Gastro 1 (14 decks)

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