lecture 2

Question 1

____ and ___ are key adaptations for life on land

Answer 1

seeds and pollen grains

Question 2

what type of seeds are found in gymnosperms

Answer 2

naked seeds, and typically on cones

Question 3

what is a seed

Answer 3

an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 4

in addition to seeds, what (4) else is common to all seed plants

Answer 4

1. reduced gametophytes
2. heterospory
3. ovules
4. pollen

Question 5

what does an ovule consist of

Answer 5

consists of megasporangium, megaspore, and 1 or more protective layers

Question 6

what is the name for sporophyte tissues (protective layers in an ovule)

Answer 6

integuments

Question 7

gymnosperm megaspores have ______ integument(s), whereas angiosperm megaspores usually have ______ integument(s)

Answer 7

1, 2

Question 8

microspores develop into ______

Answer 8

pollen grains

Question 9

if a pollen grain germinates, it gives rise to a _____

Answer 9

pollen tube. (that discharges sperm into female gametophyte within ovule)

Question 10

the zygote forms and develops into the ______ embryo

Answer 10

sporophyte embryo

Question 11

what are the 4 phyla that make up the gymnosperms

Answer 11

1. coniferophyta
2. cycadophyta
3. gingkophyta
4. gnetophyta

Question 12

all angiosperms are classified in a single phylum, ________.

Answer 12

anthophyta

Question 13

a flower can consist of up to 4 types of modified leaves:

Answer 13

1. sepals
2. petals
3. stamen
4. carpels

Question 14

what is a sepal

Answer 14

a modified leaf that encloses the flower

Question 15

what is a petal?

Answer 15

brightly coloured modified leaf that attracts pollinators

Question 16

what is a stamen

Answer 16

consists of a stalk (filament), with an anther where pollen is produced

Question 17

what is a carpel?

Answer 17

consists of an ovary at the base of a flower, and a style leading up to a stigma, where pollen is received.

Question 18

what makes a flower an incomplete flower

Answer 18

missing one or more of sepal, petals, stamens, or carpels

Question 19

which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?
a. different type of sporopollenin
b. internal reservoir of liquid water
c. integument(s)
d. ability to be dispersed
e. waxy cuticle

Answer 19

c

Question 20

what are the largest groups of monocots

Answer 20

orchids, grasses, palms

Question 21

monocot characteristics (6)

Answer 21

1. one cotyledon embryos
2. leaf veins usually parallel
3. vascular tissue is scattered
4. root system is usually fibrous (no main root/Taproot)
5. pollen grain with 1 opening
6. floral organs usually in multiples of 3

Question 22

eudicot characteristics(6)

Answer 22

1. two cotyledon embryos
2. netlike veins
3. vascular tissues are usually arranged in a ring
4. taproot usually present
5. pollen grain with 3 openings
6. floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 23

what are some of the basal angiosperms

Answer 23

amborella trichopoda, water lilies, star anise