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biol1030 final practice questions > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is true of charophytes?
a. they are ancestors of green algae
b. examples of vascular plants
c. closest living algal relatives of land plants
d. share common features of land plants like sporopollenin and alternation of generations
e. they show alternation of generations

A

c

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2
Q

which taxon is essentially equivalent to the embryophytes
a. viridiplantae
b. plantae
c. pterophyta
d. bryophyta
e. charophycea

A

b

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3
Q

liverworts, hornworts and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes, besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common

A

they require water for reproductiion. ALSO NOTE. they are not all wind pollinated, not all heterosporous, do not produce asexually

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4
Q

what does the spore that sporangia produce, develop into? (seedless vascular plants)

A

bisexual photosynthetic gametophyte

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5
Q

in seedless vascular plants, where does fertilization occur?

A

archegonia

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6
Q

what are fronds

A

underside of a leaf

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7
Q

what are the spots on the fronds

A

sori

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8
Q

what is a sorus

A

cluster of sporangia

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9
Q

what are the monilophytes

A

ferns, horsetails

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10
Q

what is the role of xylem

A

conducting most of the water and minerals

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11
Q

what are tracheids

A

dead tube shaped cells found in xylem

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12
Q

what is the role of phloem

A

distributing sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

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13
Q

what are roots

A

organs that anchor vascular plants, enabling them to absorb water and nutrients from the soil

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14
Q

what are leaves

A

organs that increases surface area, capturing more sunlight (solar energy) for photosynthesis

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15
Q

what are microphylls

A

leaves with a single vein

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16
Q

what are megaphylls

A

leaves with a highly branched vascular system

17
Q

what is the evolution hypothesis for micro and megaphylls

A

microphylls- might have evolved from stems
megaphylls- might have evolved as webbing between flattened branches

18
Q

what is the difference between normal leaves and sporophylls

A

sporophylls are modified with sporangia. clusters of sporangia (clusters are called sori) are found on the underside of the sporophylls

19
Q

what are strobili

A

cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

20
Q

most seedless vascular plants are ____sporous

A

homosporous

21
Q

all seed plants, and some seedless vasculars are ____sporous

A

heterosporous

22
Q

in heterosporous plants, what do the megaspores give rise to?

A

female gametophytes

23
Q

in heterosporous plants, what do the microspores give rise to?

A

male gametophytes

24
Q

dominant life cycle of mosses and other non vascular plants?

A

gametophyte dominant

25
Q

first plants to grow tall?

A

ferns and other seedless vascular plants

26
Q

what are the 4 key traits land plants share with only charophytes

A
  1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
  2. structure of flagellated sperm
  3. formation of phragmoplast
  4. comparisons of both nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genes point to charophytes as closest living relative of land plants
27
Q

challenges of plants moving to land

A
  1. relative scarcity of water
  2. lack of structural support against gravity
28
Q

benefits of plants moving to land

A
  1. unfiltered bright sunlight
  2. more plentiful CO2
  3. nutrient rich soil
  4. few herbivores or pathogens (at the time)
29
Q

what is the role of sporopollenin in charophytes

A

prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

30
Q

5 traits of plants but not charophytes

A
  1. alternation of generations
  2. multicellular, dependent embryos
  3. walled spores produced in sporangia
  4. multicellular gametangia
  5. apical meristems
31
Q

the haploid gametophyte produces gametes ( can be either eggs or sperm) by _____

A

mitosis

32
Q

what ploidy are eggs and sperm

A

1N

33
Q

the zygote develops into diploid (2N) sporophyte by ____

A

mitosis

34
Q

sporophyte produces _N spores by _____

A

1N (haploid), meiosis

34
Q

diploid cells called sporocytes undergo _____ to generate haploid spores

A

meiosis

35
Q

spore walls contain ______ making them resistant to harsh environments

A

sporopollenin

36
Q

definition of herbaceous

A

nonwoody

37
Q

if plantae is expanded to include charophytes, the derived characteristics coul be..? (this is from practice test, but the wording of the answers was not in slides)

A

rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes, and ability to synthesize sporopollenin

biol1030 final practice questions (12 decks)

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