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Child Development > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is epigenesis ?

A

the emergence of new structures and functions during development

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2
Q

What is meiosis ?

A

a form of cell division in which the egg and sperm receive only one member from each of the 23 chromosome pairs contained in all other cellls of the body

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3
Q

What is a zygote ?

A

Fertilized egg

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4
Q

What is gene expression ?

A

which genes in the cell are switched on

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5
Q

What is apoptosis ?

A

“cell suicide”

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6
Q

What are androgens ?

A

a class of hormones that includes testosterone

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7
Q

What is the inner cell mass ?

A

A hollow sphere with a buldge of cells

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8
Q

What are fraternal (dizygotic) twins ?

A

results when 2 eggs happen to be realeased from the ovary into the falopian tube and both are fertilized

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9
Q

What is a neural tube ?

A

A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the amniotic sac ?

A

a membrance filled with a clear, watery fluid in which the fetus floats

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11
Q

What is placenta ?

A

a rich network of blood vessels that extends into the tissues of the mother’s uterus

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12
Q

What is the umbilical cord ?

A

a tube containing the blood vessels that run in the fetus

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13
Q

What is cephalocaudal development ?

A

areas near the head develop earlier than those farther away

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14
Q

What is the vestibular system ?

A

the sensory apparatus in the inner ear that provides information about movement and balance

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15
Q

What is phlyogenetic continuity ?

A

humans share many characteristics and developmental phases with non human animals due to our shared evolutionary history

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16
Q

What is habituation ?

A

a decrease in response to repeated ot continued stimulation

17
Q

What is dishabituation ?

A

when a perceptive change in the stimulus occurs, it becomes interesting again

18
Q

What is state ?

A

refers to a continuum of arousal, ranging from deep slep to intense activity

19
Q

What is REM sleep ?

A

an active sleep state characterized by quick, jerky, eye movements under closed lids and associated with dreaming in adults

20
Q

What is Non-REM sleep ?

A

a quite sleep state characterized by absence of motor activity or eye movement and more regular, slow brain waves, breathing, and heart rate

21
Q

What is myoclonic twitching ?

A

natural jerking movements

22
Q

What is Bedtime fading ?

A

which the infant’s nedtime is shifted later to ensure sleepiness, and then graudally moved earlier

23
Q

What is swaddiling ?

A

involves wrapping a young baby tightly in cloths or in a balnket, thereby restricting little movement

24
Q

What is colic?

A

excessive, inconsolable, crying by a young infant for no apparent reason

25
Q

What is a Apgar score ?

A

method of evaluating the health of the newborn immediately following birth based on skin tone, facial response, arm and leg activity and breathing

26
Q

What is Infant mortality ?

A

death during the first year after birth

27
Q

What is Low Birth Weight ?

A

infants who weight less than 2500 grams at birth

28
Q

What is small for gestational age ?

A

they may be either preterm or full-term but they weigh substantially less than is normal for their gestational age, which is based on weeks since conception

29
Q

What is kangaroo care ?

A

caregivers act as incubatros to help maintain infants skin temperature and to promote breast-feeding

30
Q

What is structural racism ?

A

describes behaviours and beliefs that harm specific racial and ethnic minorites

31
Q

What is developmental resilience ?

A

successful development in spite of multiple and seemingly overwhelming developmental hazards

Child Development (9 decks)

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