Lecture 12

Question 1

Who presented the Theory of Moral Development ?

Answer 1

Piaget

Question 2

What are the two stages of Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development ?

Answer 2

1. Heternomous morality
2. Autonomous morality

Question 3

What is involved in the heteronomous morality stage ?

Answer 3

• children who have not entered the preoperational stage
• children younger than 7
• regard rules and duties to others as unchangeable “givens”
• just is whatever authorities (adults or laws) say is right
• punishment for non-compliance are always justified
• children believe that what determines an action is good or bad are the consequences of the action, not the motive or intentions behind it

Question 4

What is involved in the autonomous morality stage ?

Answer 4

• occurs at around 11-12 yrs old
• no longer accept blind obedience to authority as the basis of moral decisions
• Fully understand that rules are the product of social agreement and can be changed if the majority of a group agree to do so

Question 5

Who presented the Theory of Moral Reasoning ?

Answer 5

Kohlberg

Question 6

What did Kohlberg propose ?

Answer 6

proposed that the development of moral reasoning proceeds through a specific series of stages that are discontinuous and hierarchical

Question 7

What stages fall under the Preconventional Level ?

Answer 7

Preconventional moral reasoning is self centered
* Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation
* Stage 2: Intrumental and Exchange Orientation

Question 8

What stages fall under the Conventional Level ?

Answer 8

Conventional moral reasoning is centered on social relationships
* Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal Ecpectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal Conformity Orientation (Good girl/ Good boy)
* Stage 4: Social System and Conscience Orientation

Question 9

What stages fall under the Postconvetional Level ?

Answer 9

Postconventional moral reasoning is centered on ideals
* Stage 5: Social Contract or Individual Rights Orientation
* Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Question 10

What is the Social Domain Theory ?

Answer 10

Growth in moral reasoning occurs not through stage-like change but through gradual change based on the child’s social interactions with peers and adults as well as through direct socialization from their parents

Question 11

What are the 3 domains of social knowledge ?

Answer 11

1. Moral domain
2. Societal domain
3. Personal Domain

Question 12

What is the moral domain ?

Answer 12

children understand that the universal concepts of right and wrong, fairness, justice, and individual rights apply across contexts and supersede rules or authority

Question 13

What is the societal domain ?

Answer 13

emcompasses concepts regarding the rules and conventions through which societies maintain order

Question 14

What is the personal domain ?

Answer 14

actions in which indiviudal preferences are the main consideration; there are no right or wrong choices

Question 15

What does consciene mean ?

Answer 15

an internal regulatory mechanism that increases the indiivdual’s ability to conform to standards of conduct accpeted in their culture

Question 16

What is antisocial behaviour ?

Answer 16

disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behaviour that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others

Question 17

What is aggression ?

Answer 17

behaviour aimed at physically or emotionally harming or injuring others

Question 18

What are the two types of aggression ?

Answer 18

1. reactive
2. proactive

Question 19

What is reactive aggression ?

Answer 19

emotionally driven, antagonistic aggression sparked by one’s perception that other people’s motives are hostile

Question 20

What is proactive aggression ?

Answer 20

unemotional aggression aimed at fulfulling a need or desire

Question 21

What is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) ?

Answer 21

A disorder characterized by age-inappropriate and persistent displays of angry, defiant, and irritable behaviours

Question 22

What is conduct disorder ?

Answer 22

a disorder that involves severe antisocial and aggressive behaviours that inflict pain on others and involve destruction of property or denial of the right of others

Question 23

What is the positive youth development approach ?

Answer 23

An approach to youth intervention that focuses on developing and nurturing strengths and assets rather than on correcting weaknesses and deficits

Question 24

What is service learning ?

Answer 24

a strategy for promoting positive youth development that integrates school-based instruction with community involvement in order to promote civic responsibility and enhance learning