Lecture 10 Flashcards
Who proposed the attatchment theory ?
John Bowlby
What is the attatchment theory ?
Posits that children are biologicallt predisposed to develop attatchments to caregivers as a means of increasing the chances of their own survival
What is secure base ?
the idea that the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that makes it possible for the child to explore the environment
What is the internal working model of attatchent ?
the child’s mental represenation of the self, of attatchment figure(s), and of relationships in general that is constrcuted as a result as experiences with caregivers. It guides children’s interactions with caregivers.
Who created the Strange Situation Procedure ?
Mary Ainsworth
What is the Strange Situation ?
A procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to assess infant’s attatchment to their primary caregiver
What is secure attatchment ?
a pattern of attatchment in which infants or young children have a positive and trusting relationship with their attatchment figure
What is insecure/resistant attatchment ?
a type of insecure attatchment in which infants or young children are clingy and stay close to their caregiver rather than exploring their environmnet
What is insecure/avoidant attatchment ?
a type of insecure attatchment in which infants or young children seem somewaht indiferent toward their caregiver and may even avoid the caregiver
What is disorganzied/disoriented attatchment ?
A type of insecure attatchment in which infants or young children have no consistent way of coping with the stress of the Strange Situation. Their behaviour is confused or even contradictory, and they often appear dazed or disoriented
What is parental sensitivity ?
caregiving behaviour that involves the expression of warmth and contingent responsiveness to children, such as when they require assistance or are in distress
What is family structure ?
the number of and the relationship amongst the people living in a household
What is Discipline ?
the set of strategies and behaviours parents use to teach children how to behave appropriately
What are family dynamics ?
the way in which family members interact through various relationships: mom with child, dad with child, etc
What are skip-generation family ?
families where the grandparents act as their primary caregivers and no parents are present
What is Socialization ?
The process through which children acquire the values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviours that are regarded as appropriate for their present and future roles in their particlar culture
What is punishment ?
a negative stimulus that follows a behaviour to reduce the likelihood that the behaviour will occur again
What is internalization ?
The process by which children learn and accept the reasons for desired behaviour
What is other-oriented induction ?
Reasoning focused on the effects of a behaviour on other people
What is parenting style ?
The constellation of parenting behaviours and attitudes that set the emotional climate of parent-child interactions
What are the two dimensions of parenting styles ?
- the degree of parental warmth and responsiveness
- The degree of parenting control and demandingness
What is parental responsiveness ?
refers to how quickly and appropriately parents respond to children’s needs, requests for assistance, or distress
What is parental control ?
is the extent to which parents monitor and manage their children’s behaviour through rules and consequences
What is parental demandingness ?
refers to an expectation of conformance to parent’s desires and a low tolerance for children’s own interests and desires
What is authoritative parenting ?
is a style that tends to demanding but also warm responsive
What is authoritarian parenting ?
is a style that tends to be cold and unresponsive to children’s needs
What is permissive parenting ?
is a style that is responsive to children’s needs and wishes but so much so that parents are overly lenient with them
What is uninvolved parenting ?
is a style that is low in both demandingness and responsiveness to children
What is bidirectionality ?
the idea that parents and their children are mutually affected by one another’s characteristics and behaviours
