Lecture 2 Flashcards
Elite players have
Extract important stimulus and information faster than beginners
Elite basketball players can better predict when someone will score by
By looking at the fingers of people throwing
There is ____ at every level in the brain and ___
Uncertainty and noise
The sum of all the noise is
Uncertain behavior
What did Bayes say?
That you need to combine prior knowledge with your sensory inputs to attain beliefs in the world.
–> Beliefs –> Prior Knowledge X Sensory input
You can make bigger inference or beliefs when
When you multiply our sensory input with our prior knowledge
Elite players will ____ with noise
Will have better control over the noise in their body and muscles
Motor adaptation
Maintaining a skill
If you learn the difference between two tactile stimuli
The more separation you will see in the somatosensory cortex
Denovo Learning
Skill learning or learning a new skill
Implicit adaptation is driven by
Sensory Prediciton Errors
Explicit Compensation
is driven by overall task error
Implicit Adapation is dependent on
The cerebellum
Explicit Components
have pre-frontal and hippocampal dependencies
Reinforcement learning
Learning from success and failure and involves the basal ganglia
Forward models are
Networks in the brain that predict the sensory consequences of a given motor command in a given environment
–> Takes the motor commands and sends it to the brain to make sensory predictions
Structural Learning
Involves acquiring knowledge of the way in which different tasks share similar properties
–> If you change playing with a tennis racket to a squash racquet you can rely on structural learning
Parametric learning
Involves setting the particular parameters for a given task having identified the structure
–> Instead of structurally learning to always kick a ball in the left corner learn the parameters so you can kick it anywhere
Savings
Relearning a skill you once learnt. When you relearn you do it faster
Interference
Learning one task successfully can impede learning another task
–> Now that i mastered the forward stroke my back stroke is not impeded (retrograde interference)
–> I learned how to dribble but i tried learning something else and now my dribbling is getting worse (anterograde)
Credit Assignment
Being able to allocate errors to the correct source, was it my body or environment
Generalisation
How much can motor learning be expressed in conditions different than those in which it originally occured (from practice to performance conditions)
Vestibular System
Detects head orientation in space, in our inner ear
–> Controls the muscles that move the eyes
–>Maintains upright body posture and balance
Choking can be graphed with
An inverted U shape
