Lecture 19: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

where does growth in a plant occur?

Answer 1

RAM and SAM (localized regions of cell growth)

Question 2

____ allows plants to grow tall

Answer 2

apical meristems

Question 3

why do leaves grow spiralled?

Answer 3

to get more sunlight since they’re not overlapping

Question 4

_____ allow woody plants to grow wider using secondary growth

Answer 4

lateral meristems

Question 5

what are the two types of lateral meristems?

Answer 5

cork cambium and vascular cambium

Question 6

what does the cork cambium do?

Answer 6

replace epidermis with periderm (thicker and tougher)

Question 7

what does the vascular cambium do?

Answer 7

develop secondary vascular tissues (secondary xylem & phloem)

Question 8

secondary xylem becomes ____

Answer 8

wood

Question 9

the ____ and ____ promote primary and axial growth, has primary tissues

Answer 9

SAM and RAM

Question 10

the ____ creates secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner wood)

Answer 10

vascular cambium

Question 11

the ____ consists of cork cells, periderm, and outer bark

Answer 11

cork cambium

Question 12

where do the pith and cortex come from?

Answer 12

ground meristem

Question 13

what kind of dermal tissue do non-woody plants have?

Answer 13

epidermis

Question 14

what kind of dermal tissue do woody plants have?

Answer 14

periderm

Question 15

the ____ is a waxy covering that prevents water loss from the epidermis

Answer 15

cuticle

Question 16

what are trichomes?

Answer 16

outgrowths of shoot epidermis to reduce water loss and defend plant (glandular trichomes can be sticky/smelly)

Question 17

trichomes are alive and have a ____

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

storage, photosynthesis, support, and transport are all main functions for what kind of tissue?

Answer 18

ground tissue

Question 19

the pith is ____ to the vascular tissue

Answer 19

interior

Question 20

the cortex is ____ to the vascular tissue

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

what are the main characteristics of parenchyma cells?

Answer 21

thin and even cell walls, perform metabolic functions i.e store sugars and photosynthesize (easy for them with such a thin cell wall!)

Question 22

what are the main characteristics of collenchyma cells?

Answer 22

thick and uneven cell walls, provides flexible support to plant, is alive (has nucleus and cytoplasm)

Question 23

_____ cells are grouped in strands to support young shoots

Answer 23

collenchyma

Question 24

what are the main characteristics of sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 24

thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin, dead at maturity

Question 25

what are the two types of sclerenchyma?

Answer 25

sclereids (short and irregular)
fibers (long and slender threads)