Lecture 16: Ferns and Lycophytes Flashcards
dominant sporophyte, vascular tissues, developed roots and leaves are the characteristics of ______
living vascular plants
what type of plant is the most diverse seedless vascular plant?
ferns
what are the components of a mature fern sporophyte?
rhizome, leaves, roots
what is a rhizome?
underground stem, produced by SAM
what produces leaves?
SAM
what produces a root?
RAM, each individual root has a RAM
do ferns have alternations of generations?
yes, they have a distinct hapolid and diploid phase
what is the function of a fern sporophyte?
produce sporangia in clusters of sori, produce gametophytes that are monoaecious (antheridia and archegonia in same gametophyte)
what is the function of a fern gametophyte? (thallus)
photosynthesize, absorb water and minerals, produce gametes within antheridia and archegonia
lacks roots, stems, leaves, cuticle, complex tissue system are all characteristics of a ____
thallus
is water required for the gamete transfer of ferns?
yes
Why doesn’t the thallus have a waxy cuticle?
it needs to be very efficient at retaining water
how do ferns disperse their spores?
by using catapults to launch their clusters of sori
what are the three tissue systems?
vascular, ground, dermal
what are the vascular tissues?
xylem and phloem
what are the components of xylem? is xylem dead or alive
vessel elements and tracheids, dead
what are the components of phloem? is phloem dead or alive?
sieve-tube elements and companion cells, alive
what are the types of ground tissue?
parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma
what are the types of dermal tissue?
periderm, epidermis, cork, cuticle (aboveground yes, belowground no)
what two things can the epidermis differentiate into?
periderm and cork
what does the xylem transport?
water and minerals
what does the phloem transport?
water and sugars
____ are the organs that anchor vascular plants
roots
what are the different types of roots?
adventitious, lateral, primary
where do adventitious roots come from?
from stem tissue and rhizome
what is the advantage to lateral roots?
more surface area increases the plants ability to mine for water
where does the primary root originate from?
the embryo
where do lateral roots branch off of?
other roots
____ are organs that increase surface area for photosynthesis
leaves
____ are small leaves with a single vein
microphylls
____ are large leaves with a highly branched vascular system
megaphylls
which phylums have megaphyll leaves?
monilophyta, angiosperms, gymnosperms
which phyla have microphyll leaves?
lycophytes
____ are modified leaves with sporangia
sporophylls
___ are clusters of sporangia on the underside of sporophylls
sori
___ are cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls in lycophytes
strobili
what three types of plants make up the lycophytes?
club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts
