Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEB 1420 > Lecture 18 - Sensory Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Sensory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin: 21 sq. ft. and 3 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin Receptors

A
  • mostly in the dermis
  • mechanoreceptors (deformity): encapsulated
  • thermoreceptors (heat/cold) and nociceptors (pain) have free endings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receptive Field

A

Area monitored by a single neuron

  • can’t distinguish between different stimuli within the field
  • smaller receptive fields = increased sensitivity (fingertips vs back)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pain Sensation

A
  • damage to free nerve endings of nociceptors = pain
  • pain is adaptive and protective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A
  • buds off the forebrain and connects to the limbic system
  • sits on top of cribiform plate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Olfactory Receptors

A
  • chemoreceptors: cilia are directly exposed to external environment
  • replaced every ~60 days
  • chemicals trapped by mucus, bind to specific receptors, trigger excitation pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why did humans evolve external noses?

A
  • external noses first appear in Homo erectus
  • creates turbulence and helps retain moisture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is much of taste actually smell?

A
  • food particles are aerated
  • they pass through the choana and bind to olfactory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the different tongue anatomy structures

A
  • root = posterior 1/3
  • body = anterior 2/3
  • papillae = chemoreceptors (gustatory cells)

vallate papillae (root) > fungiform papillae (body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Taste Buds

A

-each contains 60 - 100 gustatory cells (chemoreceptors) that react to certain molecules to taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eye Development

A

-in-folding of the optic cup signaled by photoreceptors in the eye stalk, pinching off the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Optic Anatomy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A
  • constrictor & dilator pupillae: control pupil diameter/amount of light entering the eye
  • ciliary muscle: alters lens shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Photoreceptors

A
  • rods: edges, very sensitive, black & white
  • cones: high resolution, color
  • both located in the retina, highly concentrated at the fovea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visual Pathway

A
  1. Light bends as it enters the cornea
  2. Passes through aqueous humor & pupil, focused by lens
  3. Passes through vitreus humor to retina (fovea)
  4. Excitation of photoreceptors
  5. Impulse transmitted to optic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Integration of Visual Signals

A
  1. Incoming impulses cross in the optic chiasma
  2. All input from one side is processed in the opposite side visual cortex
  3. Overlapping visual field allows for binocular vision

(enables depth perception - evolutionary context)

17
Q

Ear Development

A
  • cleft between 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches forms outer ear
  • pouch between 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches forms middle & inner ears
18
Q

Outer Ear

A

-collects and conducts sound vibrations to tympanic membrane

19
Q

Middle Ear

A
  • air filled space that amplifies tympanic vibrations
  • vibrations transmitted from malleus, incus, stapes to oval window of cochlea
20
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Middle Ear

A
  • stapedius: dampens vibration at the stapes (CN VII)
  • tensor tympani: dampens vibration at the malleus (CN V)
21
Q

Inner Ear

A

-fluid filled space containing organs of hearing and balance

22
Q

Cochlea

A

-sound waves travel along the cochlea, stimulating vibrations of the tectorial membrane in the Organ of Corti, stimulating hair cells

23
Q

Specificity of Sound

A
  • pitch: determined by the diameter of the tympanic duct, causing localized vibration of the tectorial membrane by wave frequency
  • volume: higher volumes = more rapid stimulation
  • hair cells: mechanoreceptors, stimulated by vibrations of the tectorial membrane
24
Q

Balance Anatomy

A

-utricle and saccule: mechanoreceptors (hair cells) detect linear acceleration, arranged orthogonally, otoliths

25
Q

Otoliths

A
  • embedded in membrane above the hair cells
  • stones amplify gravity and accelerations
26
Q

Semicircular Canals

A
  • mechanoreceptors (hair cells) detect angular acceleration
  • 3 fluid-filled arranged orthogonally to each other
  • no otoliths

HEB 1420 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions