Lecture 18: Muscular System IV (Lower Limbs)

Question 1

Answer 1

1. GLUTEUS MEDIUS
2. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
   posterior superficial muscles

Question 2

O/I/F/N of gluteus medius

Answer 2

origin: lateral surface ilium
insertion; lateral surface greater trochanter
fxn: prime mover for abduction hip
innervation: superiorgluteal nerve

Question 3

prime mover for abduction hip

Answer 3

gluteus medius

Question 4

reverse fxn of gluteus medius

Answer 4

brings ilium down to femur, occurs during walking. levels pelvis

Question 5

what is trendelberg gait

Answer 5

paralysis gluteus medius

Question 6

o/i/f/n gluteus maximus

Answer 6

origin: lateral surface ilium and posterior surface sacrum

insert: gluteal tuberosity of femur. most fibres indirectly attach to lateral condyle tibia (IT Band)

fxN: prime mover hip extension and stability to knnee joint via IT band

nerve: sacral plexus inferogluteal nerve

Question 7

prime mover hip extension

Answer 7

gluteus maximus

Question 8

Answer 8

Top to Btm

gluteus medius(sup)
gluteus minimus(deep)
Piriformis(deep)
gluteus maximus(sup)
sciatic nerve

Question 9

largest nerve

Answer 9

sciatic

Question 10

o/i/f/n Piriformis

Answer 10

origin: anterior surface sacrum in pelvis
exits pelvic cavity via greater sciatic foramen

insertion: medial surface greater trochanter femur

fxn: lateral rotation hip

nerve: sacral plexus (prifiorm”

Question 11

Answer 11

medial compartment
sciatic nerve
femur

Question 12

what are the compartments of the thigh? innervations?

Answer 12

Posterior: “flexor” compartment. Sciatic nerve

Middle: “adductor” compartment. Obtrurator nerve (lumbar)

Anterior: “extensor” of knee. Femoral Nerve (lumbar)

PFS
MAO
AEF

Question 13

explain o/i/f/n of iliopsoas

Answer 13

psoas major origin=lumbar vertebrae
iliacus origin= medial surface ilium (iliac fossa)

insert: lesser trochanter femur
fxn: prime mover flexion hip

psoas major=ant. rami of L1-L3
iliacus=femoral nerve

Question 14

what mover extension knee

Answer 14

quadriceps femoris

Question 15

explain o/i/f/n quadriceps femoris

Answer 15

origin: hip bone and shaft of femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quad and petallar tendons
fxn: prime mover extension knee
innervation: femoral

Question 16

Answer 16

adductor brevis
adductor magnus

Question 17

explain o/i/f/n adductor magnus

Answer 17

origin: ischialpubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
insert: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
fxn: adduction (obtrurator nerve) of hip and extension (sciatic nerve) of hip

Question 18

what muscle is this? explain o/i/f/n

Answer 18

biceps femoris

origin: long head-ischiotuberosity. short head- shaft femur

insert: head fibula

fxn: prime mover flexion knee. extension hip

nerve: sciatic

Question 19

Answer 19

left= extensor digitorum longus
right=tibialis anterior

Question 20

prime mover knee flexion

Answer 20

biceps femoris

Question 21

explain o/i/f/n extensor digitorum longus

Answer 21

origin: tibia and fibula

insert: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes

fxn: prime mover extension toes and dorsiflexion

nerve: deep fibular

Question 22

primer mover extension of toes

Answer 22

extensor digitorum longus

Question 23

explain o/i/f/n tibialis anterior

Answer 23

origin: tibial (upper third)
insert: medial cuneiform
fxn: dorsiflexion and inversion foot
nerve: deep fibular

Question 24

generally speaking what do muscles of posterior leg do? what nerve supplies

Answer 24

plantarflexion
tibial

Question 25

generally speaking what do muscles of anterior leg do?

Answer 25

extend toes and dorsiflexion (extension) of ankle. innervated by fibular nerve

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

explain o/i/f/n soleus

Answer 27

origin: tibia insert: calcaneous fxn:plantarflexion ankle **prime mover

Question 27

explain o/i/f/n gastrocnemius

Answer 27

origin: medial/lateral epicondyle femur insert: calcaneous thru achiles fxn: flex knee and plantarflexion ankle nerve: bracnh of sciatic (tibial) =posterior leg

Question 28

prime mover plantarflexion

Answer 28

soleus

Question 29

Answer 29

left=soleus righ=tibialis posterior

Question 30

explain o/i/f/n tibialis posterior

Answer 30

origin: tibia and fibula insert: all tarsal bones except talus fxn; plantar flexion and maintain foot arches nerve: tibial

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

A fibularis (peroneus) longus lateral compartment

Question 33

explain o/i/f/n fibularis longus

Answer 33

o: fibula i: medial cuneiforms fxn:prime mover eversion foot nerve: fibular

Question 34

prime mover eversion

Answer 34

fibularis longus

Question 35

explain the layers of the muscles in plantar aspect of foot

Answer 35

Layer 1: Abd. 1 and 5. Flexion 2-5 Layer 2: Flex 2-5 Layer 3: Adduction 1, Flexion 1 and 5 fourth layer=interossei

Question 36

what does the plantar interossei do?

Answer 36

adduction toes

Question 37

what does the dorsal interossei do?

Answer 37

abduction toes

Question 38

what are three transisional areas in lower limb

Answer 38

femoral triangle popliteal fossa tarsal tunnel

Question 39

Answer 39