Lecture 18 Flashcards
What is deep ecology?
Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy that argues for a deep, intrinsic connection to nature, emphasizing that all living beings, and not just humans, have inherent value
What is the core principle of deep ecology?
The principle of biocentric equality, which asserts that all living beings have equal moral standing, regardless of their utility to humans
How does deep ecology differ from other environmental ethics theories like anthropocentrism?
While anthropocentrism prioritizes human needs, deep ecology challenges this view by recognizing the value of all life forms and advocating for a harmonious relationship between humans and nature
Who is Arne Naess and what is his role in deep ecology?
Arne Naess is a Norwegian philosopher who coined the term “deep ecology” and developed the theory that humans should adopt a more holistic view of their relationship with nature
What does the “self-realization” concept in deep ecology involve?
It involves recognizing one’s identity as part of the larger ecosystem, expanding the concept of self to include the natural world
What is ecocentrism in environmental ethics?
Ecocentrism is the ethical stance that ecosystems, as a whole, deserve moral consideration and should be preserved and protected for their own intrinsic value, not just for human benefit
How does ecocentrism differ from biocentrism?
Biocentrism focuses on the moral standing of individual organisms
Ecocentrism emphasizes the value of entire ecosystems and their interrelated components, including both living organisms and the environment
Why do ecocentrists prioritize ecosystems over individual species?
Ecocentrists believe that ecosystems are complex, interconnected systems where the well-being of the whole is more important than any individual part, including species
What is environmental justice?
Environmental justice is the concept that all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or income, should have equal access to a healthy environment and protection from environmental harm
How does environmental justice relate to social equity?
It emphasizes the disproportionate environmental burdens placed on marginalized communities and advocates for fair distribution of environmental goods and harms
What is the connection between sustainability and environmental ethics?
Sustainability seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, aligning with the ethical principles of justice and responsibility to future generations
How do environmental ethics address climate change?
Environmental ethics call for global cooperation and responsibility to mitigate the effects of climate change, emphasizing the need to protect vulnerable ecosystems and communities
What is the main critique of anthropocentrism in environmental ethics?
Anthropocentrism is criticized for prioritizing human interests over the welfare of other species and ecosystems, leading to environmental degradation and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources
What is one major criticism of deep ecology and ecocentrism?
Critics argue that deep ecology and ecocentrism may overlook human needs and rights, potentially leading to conflicts between conservation efforts and socio-economic development
How can biocentric ethics inform conservation efforts?
Biocentric ethics supports the preservation of species and habitats based on their intrinsic value, advocating for actions that protect biodiversity even if they don’t directly benefit humans
How do ecocentric principles apply to resource management?
Ecocentric principles advocate for sustainable resource management, focusing on maintaining the health and integrity of entire ecosystems, rather than focusing on individual resources.
How would ecocentrism guide policies related to deforestation?
Ecocentrism would oppose deforestation if it leads to the destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity, advocating for sustainable land use practices that maintain ecological balance
What is the role of international agreements in environmental ethics?
International agreements, like the Paris Agreement on climate change, are based on ethical principles of fairness and responsibility, promoting global cooperation to address environmental challenges
How does environmental ethics guide global conservation efforts?
Environmental ethics encourages countries to protect global biodiversity, respect indigenous rights, and take collective action against issues like habitat destruction and pollution
What ethical dilemmas arise from international trade in wildlife?
The ethical dilemma involves balancing economic interests with the protection of endangered species and ecosystems, considering the long-term consequences of wildlife exploitation
How might advances in technology affect environmental ethics?
Technological advancements, such as genetic engineering, AI, and biotechnology, raise ethical questions about altering ecosystems, manipulating species, and creating new forms of life, which could have unforeseen ecological impacts
How can environmental ethics inform future environmental policy?
Environmental ethics can guide policy decisions by advocating for long-term sustainability, fairness, and respect for nature, ensuring that policies are just, ecologically sound, and inclusive of all stakeholders
How does the concept of “planetary boundaries” relate to environmental ethics?
Planetary boundaries define the limits within which humanity can safely operate without causing irreversible damage to the Earth’s ecosystems. Environmental ethics emphasizes staying within these boundaries to protect the planet for future generations
