Lecture 18

Question 1

Majority component of solution

Answer 1

solvent

Question 2

Minority component in a solution

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

Factors affecting solubility

Answer 3

1. Temperature
2. Pressure (gases)
3. Nature of compound

Question 4

Higher the temperature (solubility)

Answer 4

higher solubility of solid in liquid

Question 5

Lower temperature (solubility)

Answer 5

Higher solubility of gas in liquid

Question 6

Pressure and solubility (Gases)

Answer 6

Higher pressure=Higher solubility

Question 7

Henrys law

Answer 7

Solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure. Sg=k * Pg. Solubility of solid not affected by pressure. Solubility of a gas in a liquid increases as they pressure increases.

Question 8

Classifying solvents water (polar or non polar)

Answer 8

Water (polar) O-H structure

Question 9

Classifying solvents ethyl alcohol, c2H5OH

Answer 9

polar o-h

Question 10

classifying solvents, acetone

Answer 10

c3h6o polar c=o

Question 11

Classifying solvents, Toluene

Answer 11

non polar c-c and c-h c7h8

Question 12

Classifying solvents, Hexane

Answer 12

C6h14 non polar c-c and c-h

Question 13

Classifying solvents Diethyl ether

Answer 13

c4h10O, non polar c-c c-h and c-o

Question 14

Ions are attracted to what solvents?

Answer 14

Polar solvents (polar molecules also attracted to polar solvents). Have either multiple OH groups or a little CH

Question 15

Solvation definition

Answer 15

When materials dissolve, the solvent molecules surround the solvent particles due to the solvents attractions for the solute. (isolated from each other)

Question 16

Saturated solutions definition

Answer 16

Maximum amt of solute that will dissolve in that solvent at that temp

Question 17

Unsaturated definition

Answer 17

Solutions can dissolve more solute

Question 18

Supersaturated definition

Answer 18

Solutions are holding more solute than they should be able to at that temperature. (unstable)

Question 19

Solution concentrations -Mass Percent

Answer 19

Parts of solute in every 100 parts solution. Mass percent = Mass of solute, g over Mass of solution, G x 100%

Question 20

Solution concentrations Molarity

Question 21

Solution concentrations Molality

Question 22

Dilute vs concentrated solutions definition (solute)

Answer 22

Dilute= low amounts of solute per amt. of solution and concentrated = high amounts of solute per amount of solution

Question 23

concentrations example (units)

Answer 23

12% mass by sugar means 12g of sugar in a 100g solution

Question 24

Electrolytes

Answer 24

substances whose aqueous solution is a conductor of electricity

Question 25

Strong electrolytes:

Answer 25

All electrolyte molecules are dissociated into ions. Sodium Hydroxide, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid

Question 26

Nonelectrolytes:

Answer 26

non of the molecules are dissociated into ions. Sugar, Alcohol, and oil

Question 27

Weak electrolytes:

Answer 27

Small percentage are dissociated into ions. Water, acetic acid, ammonia.