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EXCI 460 final > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Why don’t we use cortisol to measure during exercise?

A

Changes a lot during the day
Affected by many other factors
Hard to measure

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2
Q

What is the HbA1c used for?

A

Indicator of the last 3 months of your diabetic state

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3
Q

What does it mean when you have high plasma glucose levels? concrètement

A

Blood is not going/being absorbed where it is supposed to (resistance)

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4
Q

One of the major problem on long-term high blood glucose (eye)

A

Blind because diabetes causes damage to the vessels of the eye - no more blood flow = restriction and damage

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5
Q

T or F: muscle contraction helps for the glucose to enter in the organs so being inactive is one of the cause of type 2 diabetes

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Advice t ogive to people that have type 1 diabetic

A

Don’t take insulin before exercise (leads to hypoglycemia)
Take glucose before running (prevents hypoglycemia)
Avoid exercise in the evening (less production so avoid utilization)
Sprint in the last minute (HIIT) to have the spike + eat a snack

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7
Q

Is BMI a good practice?

A

Not reliable measurement but very convenient/easy to do for large sample and size/cost-efficient

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8
Q

Which is more representative of the health risk for obesity: quantity or distribution of fat?

A

Distribution (apple vs pear shape)

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9
Q

Gynoid

A

Pear shaped

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10
Q

Android

A

Apple shaped

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11
Q

Studies show that __% of fat is risky for osteoporosis

A

13%

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12
Q

What are the 2 ways to improve bone density?

A

Mechanical
Hormonal

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13
Q

What is the link between bone density and irregular menstrual cycle?

A

Stopping the secretion of hormones that stimulate bones
Low %fat leads to a dysregulation of the hormonal levels (menopause too)

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14
Q

Most dangerous fat

A

Visceral - around the organs

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15
Q

What fat do we burn first?

A

we burn the fat that we store first so we don’t choose where we loose

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16
Q

Significant risk of CVD - waist circumference for men vs women

A

Men ≥ 94 cm
Women ≥ 80 cm

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17
Q

Definition of obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of body fat

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18
Q

What happens if you increase inflammation of adipocyte

A

Increase the risk of death/dysfunction/CVD on the long-term

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19
Q

Are fat cells bad or good?

A

Not bad, but a dysfunction of fat cell is where you see the problems

20
Q

Possible measurements of fat mass (4)

A

BMI
SKin folds
Bio-impedance
DXA

21
Q

What can influence the results of DXA? (3)

A

You have to be fasted
Water retention (scan sees it as lean mass)
High carbs diet 2-3 days prior will increase the lean mass

22
Q

What is the change you can do to reduce your risk of obesity to almost 0?

A

EXERCISE

23
Q

Name the consequences of obesity (8)

A

Type 2 diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Cancer risk
Mood disorders
Heart disease
Reproductive disorders
Liver disease
Hypertension

24
Q

Link between mortality and BMI

A

Higher BMI correlates with higher mortality rate

25
Q

General term for thickening of the arterial wall and loss of elasticity of the artery

A

Arteriosclerosis

26
Q

Accumulation of lipids in the inner lumen of a blood vessel

A

Atherosclerosis

27
Q

What happens during a myocardial infarction? simple

A

Blockage in an artery leading to muscle damage and stop the blood flow

28
Q

What happens during a stroke (cerebrovascular accidents)? simple

A

Blockage in the blood vessels going up in the brain

29
Q

Link between obesity and cognitive functions

A

Obesity associated with a decrease in cognitive functions

30
Q

What is MHO?

A

Metabolically healthy but obese

31
Q

Factors favoring the development of obesity

A

Food portions have increased
Use and advancement of technology
Poverty
Having an obese friend

32
Q

The risk of obesity is ___ higher in children in daycare than children who are cared for at home

A

65%

33
Q

The relationship between risk of obesity and immigration in the US - explain

A

Due to major change in diet - used to eat mom’s food now they go out and eat junk food (transformed)

34
Q

Children eat ___ when they use bigger plates

A

MORE

35
Q

Physiological factors and obesity (energy exp/insulin/bone density)

A

Energy expenditure is higher with BMI
Higher insulin secretion with higher BMI
Higher bone density (increase in mechanical stress) - but more risk of fx

36
Q

Obese individuals seem to have __ taste buds on their tongue

A

FEWER

37
Q

Why is it important to take our time when eating?

A

Lactin and gralin are appetite hormones so if you don’t give the brain enough time to get the message you end up eating more

38
Q

2 consequences of pollutants

A

Type 2 diabetes
Obesity

39
Q

Why do people that lost fat fast regain it even faster?

A

Your body sees the losing fat as a danger of starvation so the body stores it as fat for long-term so when you start eating calories after the diet it goes back up

39
Q

Link between CVD and doing diets

A

Higher risk of CVD

40
Q

Pollutants and weight loss

A

Obese people accumulation MORE pollutants in their fat tissues
Weight loss increase pollutants in the blood (lowers resting metabolism)

41
Q

Why do you have more pollutants when you loose weight?

A

Because they are stored in the fat, so during loss they are exposed

42
Q

Link between richness of microbiota and obesity

A

A low richness of microbiota (good bacteria) increase risk of obesity by increasing appetite and decreasing use of lipids

43
Q

Link between fibers and obesity

A

Fibers help to nourish the good bacterias : they help with obesity

44
Q

Do probiotics help with weight loss according to the research?

A

Yes and no so no consensus

EXCI 460 final (7 decks)

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