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EXCI 460 final > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Impact of glucose in the digestive system

A

Glucose is the only nutrient that when it touches, it sends a signal to secrete insulin

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2
Q

Does glucose need to reach far in the digestive system to have an action?

A

Glucose is very instant in its action, does not need to reach into the intestine for the signal to happen

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3
Q

Where does the glucose go first in the body?

A

The muscles to see if needed and then the liver

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4
Q

Muscle ____ is a primary energy source

A

glycogen

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5
Q

2 areas where the glycogen can be found

A

Muscle and liver

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6
Q

Impact of AMPK on mTORC1

A

Inhibits the action of mTORC1 = affects protein synthesis

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7
Q

Which molecule promotes protein breakdown (by reducing PS)

A

AMPK

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8
Q

Does doing cardio before or after has an impact on protein synthesis? explain

A

Before is a little better for protein synthesis (but do it, better than nothing even if done after)

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9
Q

What is a stable isotope?

A

Naturally occurring atom
Contains an extra neutron
Stable (non-radioactive)

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10
Q

What isotope do we use to avoid having the radioactivity?

A

Carbon 13

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11
Q

What other technique than stable isotope can measure the rate of disappearance and appearance (synthesis vs breakdown)

A

Arterio-venous balance measurements across organs/limbs

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12
Q

Method that is based on the difference between the apparent turnover rates of the hydrogen and oxygen of body water as a function of CO2 production

A

Metabolic measurements of oxidation/energy expenditure using doubly labelled water

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13
Q

Using stable isotopes, how long does it take to reach the plateau?

A

2 hours approx.

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14
Q

What is the plateau in stable isotope process?

A

Determines the equilibrium between the actual protein and the stable isotope

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15
Q

What is the tracee vs tracer?

A

tracer is the stable isotope
tracee is the variable i want to measure

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16
Q

What is substrate-specific tracer?

A

Sterile infusions/pharmacy
Controlled environment
Acute measures
Single tracer required for each substrate of interest
NUTRITION

17
Q

What is D2O?

A

Orally administered
Free living
Chronic measures
Labels multiple substrates
Depending on the duration
EXERCISE

18
Q

Meaning of postabsorptive

A

Fasted state

19
Q

Meaning of postprandial

A

After ingestion of the drink/meal

20
Q

Name another method to measure muscle mass

A

D3 creatine or DXA scan

21
Q

T or F: A stable isotope has 1 additional proton

A

FALSE, 1 additional NEUTRON

22
Q

T or F: Stable isotopes could be infused or drank?

A

TRUE

23
Q

In order to study MPS, what 2 things do you absolutely need?

A

Muscle biopsy
Stable isotope

24
Q

T or F: Aerobic exercise could influence the expression of mTORC via the activation of AMPK

A

TRUE, because AMPK is expressed during aerobic exercise

25
Q

How many weeks does it take to observe a significant increase in muscle mass via an MRI or a DXA scan?

A

6-8 weeks

26
Q

GCMS is used to identiy compoud such as ____

A

atoms

27
Q

T or F: The enrichment pool takes about 7h to get to the steady state

A

FALSE, takes 2h

28
Q

T or F: to study the effects of food on MPS we need multiple biopsies

A

TRUE, at least two to compare fasted vs post-meal

29
Q

What is the advantage of using D2O vs using substrate-specific tracer?

A

You are not on bedrest, free living environment

30
Q

T or F: Anabolic resistance is the fact that older adults cannot absorb proteins the same way as young individual can

A

FALSE, there are other factors, such as anabolic resistance, it means more that they cannot reach this amount of protein synthesis

31
Q

T or F: D3 creatine is another stable isotope used to measure total muscle mass

A

TRUE

32
Q

T or F: Stable isotopes are also used to measure energy expenditure

A

TRUE

33
Q

T or F: Muscle atrophy is way slower compared to muscle hypertrophy

A

FALSE, atrophy way faster, can start after 3 days of immobilization

EXCI 460 final (7 decks)

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