Lecture 17 Paediatric Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What is Sepsis
SIRS + suspected or proven infection
What is Severe Sepsis
Sepsis + organ dysfunction
What is Septic Shock
Sepsis + CVS dysfunction
What are the features of SIRS
> Temp 38 or <36
Elevated WCC
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea
If child is suspected to have sepsis what is the management
Sepsis 6
- Oxygen
- Blood culture, glucose and lactate
- Give IV antibiotics (broad spectrum)
- Fluid resuscitation
- Inotropic support
- Involve senior clinicians
What is the antibiotic management of sepsis
IV amoxicillin <1m old
Cephalosporin
Name 3 causative organism for sepsis in <1 month
Group B streptococcus
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Name 4 causative organisms in older infants and children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Group A streptococcus
Staph aureus
What is the pathogenesis of Sepsis
Secretion of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines
Activation of complement
Activation and mobilisation of leukocytes
Activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis
Increased apoptosis
What are the signs and symptoms of Meningitis in older children
Fever Headache Photophobia Neck stiffness Nausea and vomiting Reduced GCS Seizures Focal neurological deficits
What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis in young infants
Fever or hypothermia Poor feeding Vomiting Lethargy Irritability Respiratory distress Apnoea Bulging fontanelle
Name 2 signs that would confirm meningitis
Kernig’s sign
Brudzinski sign
What are the causative organisms of childhood meningitis in neonates <1 month
Group B streptococcus
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes
What are the causative organisms of childhood meningitis in older infants and children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nesseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae type b
What are the risk factors for meningococcal disease
Unimmunised
Crowded living conditions
Cigarette smoking
Recent viral/Mycoplasma infection
