Lecture 16 Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards
Enriched blood from the mother flows through the umbilical cord towards the baby’s liver to where?
Ductus venosus
What is the name of the shunt that bypasses the lungs
Foramen Ovale
What is the function of the ductus arteriosus
Moves blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Name 6 changes in the foetal circulation at birth
Ductus venosus closes Ductus arteriosus closes Foramen ovale closes Pulmonary blood flow rises Pulmonary vascular resistance falls
What is the clinical presentation of Coarctation of the aorta
Weka or absent femoral pulses
Radio-femoral delay
Systolic murmur
What is the management of coarctation of the aorta
Re-open PDA with prostaglandin E1 or E2
Subclavian patch repair
Balloon aortoplasty
What are the four abnormalities of Fallots Tetralogy
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Right to left shunt
Aortic vessel
What are the 3 main types of ventricular septal defects
Subaortic
Perimembranous
Muscular
How does the murmur sound in VSD
Pan-systolic murmur
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome
Right to left shunt causes by ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus
What medication/surgery can be used for VSD closure
Amplatzer
Trans-catheter
Patch closure
What disease is associated with Down’s syndrome
ASD and VSD
What environmental factors can lead to congenital heart conditions
Drugs (alcohol, cocaine ecstasy, lithium)
Infections (Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, herpes)
Maternal- DM, SLE
Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what chromosomal abnormality
Turner
Pulmonary stenosis is associated with what chromosomal abnormality
Noonan
Supavalvular aortic stenosis is associated with what chromsomal abnormality
Williams
What are innocent murmurs
Soft Silent Systolic Situation dependent Short
Name the 4 types of innocent murmurs
Stills murmur
Pulmonary outflow murmur
Carotid arterial bruits
Venous Hum
What are the clinical features of stills murmur
Age 2-7
Soft systolic
Left ventricular outflow
What are the clinical features of a pulmonary outflow murmur
Age 8-10 years
Soft systolic
Narrow chest
What are the clinical features of carotid arterial bruits
Age 2-10 years
Systolic
Harsh
Radiates to neck
What are the clinical features of venous hum
Age 3-8 Soft Indistinct Continuous Only in upright position
