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Paediatrics > Lecture 16 Paediatric Cardiology > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Enriched blood from the mother flows through the umbilical cord towards the baby’s liver to where?

A

Ductus venosus

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2
Q

What is the name of the shunt that bypasses the lungs

A

Foramen Ovale

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3
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus

A

Moves blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

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4
Q

Name 6 changes in the foetal circulation at birth

A 
Ductus venosus closes
Ductus arteriosus closes
Foramen ovale closes
Pulmonary blood flow rises
Pulmonary vascular resistance falls
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5
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Coarctation of the aorta

A

Weka or absent femoral pulses
Radio-femoral delay
Systolic murmur

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6
Q

What is the management of coarctation of the aorta

A

Re-open PDA with prostaglandin E1 or E2
Subclavian patch repair
Balloon aortoplasty

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7
Q

What are the four abnormalities of Fallots Tetralogy

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Right to left shunt
Aortic vessel

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8
Q

What are the 3 main types of ventricular septal defects

A

Subaortic
Perimembranous
Muscular

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9
Q

How does the murmur sound in VSD

A

Pan-systolic murmur

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10
Q

What is Eisenmenger Syndrome

A

Right to left shunt causes by ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

What medication/surgery can be used for VSD closure

A

Amplatzer
Trans-catheter
Patch closure

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12
Q

What disease is associated with Down’s syndrome

A

ASD and VSD

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13
Q

What environmental factors can lead to congenital heart conditions

A

Drugs (alcohol, cocaine ecstasy, lithium)
Infections (Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, herpes)
Maternal- DM, SLE

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14
Q

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what chromosomal abnormality

A

Turner

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15
Q

Pulmonary stenosis is associated with what chromosomal abnormality

A

Noonan

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16
Q

Supavalvular aortic stenosis is associated with what chromsomal abnormality

A

Williams

17
Q

What are innocent murmurs

A 
Soft 
Silent
Systolic
Situation dependent 
Short
18
Q

Name the 4 types of innocent murmurs

A

Stills murmur
Pulmonary outflow murmur
Carotid arterial bruits
Venous Hum

19
Q

What are the clinical features of stills murmur

A

Age 2-7
Soft systolic
Left ventricular outflow

20
Q

What are the clinical features of a pulmonary outflow murmur

A

Age 8-10 years
Soft systolic
Narrow chest

21
Q

What are the clinical features of carotid arterial bruits

A

Age 2-10 years
Systolic
Harsh
Radiates to neck

22
Q

What are the clinical features of venous hum

A 
Age 3-8
Soft
Indistinct
Continuous
Only in upright position

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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