Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMSC 220 > lecture 17 > Flashcards

lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

how many RNA polymerase does bacteria have

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many subunits in bacterial RNA polymerase

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes up the RNA polymerase in bacteria

A

core enzyme (5 subunit) + sigma factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens and when does the conformational change in RNA occur in prokaryotic cells

A

the sigma factor dissociates from RNA polymerase
and it happens after about 10 nucleotide sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when does transcription stop in prokaryotic cells

A

when the terminator sequence (stop codon) is reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what might the stop of transcription need in prokaryotic cells

A

may require a p (rho) factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what side of the growing RNA strand are nucleotides added to in transcription

A

the 3’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the preinitiation complex

A

RNAPII in its active form ready to begin transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the TBP subunit

A

a subunit of the TFIID and it is the TATA binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whats the main difference between the change from transcription to translation in prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells

A

in prokaryotic cells it is simultaneous
in eukaryotic it is serrated because they occur in different places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which type of cell has a pre mRNA molecule

A

eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are eukaryotic mRNAs processed

A

the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does mRNA get out of the nucleus

A

small pores in nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What must happen to get pre-mRNA out of the nucleus (3) in eukaryotic cells

A

5’ Capping
Splicing
Polyadenylation (poly A tail at 3’ end)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does the 3 process to get out f nucleus occur

A

as the RNA is being synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does post transcriptional RNA processing happen (the three processes to get out of nucleus)

A

While RNA is being synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does post transcriptional RNA processing do

A

Allows pre mature mRNA to become mature mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does RNA capping occur

A

Modification of 5’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nucleotide is involved in capping

A

Guanine + methyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does polyadenylation occur

A

Poly A tail at 3’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the initiation of transcription from a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter entail

A

all those transcription factors
(write them out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is polyademylation

A

Addition of 50-250 adenosine to 3’ end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What were modifications at 5’ and 3’ terminal specific to

A

Eukaryotic mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are modifications at 5’ and 3’ terminal found in tRNA and rRNA

A

no! specifically eukaryotic mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
proteins that help cellular RNA polymerases recognize promoters are called a) transcription factors b) translation factors c) elongation factors d) proteases
a) transcription factors
26
what are the 2 types of transcription factors
general transcription factors sequence specific transcription factors
27
what do general transcription factors do
bind at core promoter sites in association with RNA polymerase
28
what do sequence specific transcription factors do
bind to regulatory sites of particular genes to be transcriptional activators or transcriptional repressors
29
what do transcriptional activators/repressors do
activate or repress transcription
30
whats the structure of a transcription factor
DNA binding domain activation domain
31
what domain of transcription factors interacts with the major groove of DNA
DNA binding protein (motifs)
32
what are motifs
the alpha helix within the DNA binding protein subunit of transcription factors
33
what does the activation domain of transcription factors do
influences transcriptional machinery and interacts with other proteins more than the DNA itself
34
what does processive mean
ex. RNA polymerase is processive because it stays attached to DNA over long stretches of template but remains loose enough to move freely along the template
35
what does transcription of a given gene depend on
combination of transcription factors bound to upstream regulator elements
36
what are snoRNAs
small nucleolar RNAs, help to process and chemically modify rRNAs
37
what are the 3 coding types of RNA
mRNA tRNA rRNA
38
what RNA acts as an adapter between mRNA and amino acids
tRNA
39
what kind of RNA does RNA polymerase 1 enzyme synthesize
larger rRNA
40
what kind of RNA does RNA polymerase II enzyme synthesize (2)
mRNA small nuclear RNAs
41
what kind of RNA does RNA polymerase III enzyme synthesize (2)
small RNA (tRNA, small rRNA)
42
how to remember what RNA polymerase III synthesizes
three: tRNA
43
where is rRNA clustered? why?
nucleolus for synthesis of ribosomes
44
what are nucleoli the site of
biogenesis
45
what is a ribosomes structure
rRNA + ribosomal proteins
46
there are ___ distinct rRNA in eukaryotic ribosomes
4
47
whats the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes rRNA
there are 2 subunits small subunit with 18S rRNA that creates 40S subunit large subunit with 28S, 5.8S, and 5S that create 60S subunit
48
whats the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes rRNA (numbers)
40S = 18S (1 rRNA) 60S = 28S, 5.8S, 5S (3 rRNA)
49
the larger the S unit, the larger the
partical size
50
what is the S of a eukaryotic ribosome
80S
51
are eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes similar in structure and overall function
yes
52
28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase ____
1
53
5S rRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase __
3
54
where is 5S rRNA synthesized
outside of nucleolus
55
how does cleaving of eukaryotic rRNA work (cutting sequence)
there are 5 cut locations first is at 1 AND 5 second is at 2 OR 3
56
what guides nucleotide modifications (pre-rRNA)
snoRNAs
57
what are the nucleotide (pre RNA) modifications (2)
methylation conversion of uridine -> pseudouridine
58
what happens if nucleotide modification doesn't occur
ribosomes may not fold properly and translation may be slowed or not work
59
what does the snoRNA look for to methylate the pre RNA
a box D (5'-CUGA-3')
60
what snoRNA is involved in methylation
U20
61
what snoRNA is involved in pseudouridylation
U68
62
what sequence is being searched for for pseudouridylation
ACA
63
how are pre tRNA modified to become mature
trimmed on both 5' and 3' but more importantly 5'
64
what trims the 5' end of a pre tRNA
ribonuclease P

BMSC 220 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions