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lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what proposed methods was actually true

A

semi conservative

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2
Q

what is the process/result of DNA replication

A

double stranded DNA molecule gets copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

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3
Q

can each DNA strand act as a template

A

yes

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4
Q

what is Semi conservative DNA replication

A

each daughter duplex contains one strand from parent

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5
Q

where does replication start in bacteria

A

single origin site called OriC (specific DNA sequence)

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6
Q

what is the direction of replication in eukaryotes

A

bidirectional

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7
Q

what is a replication fork (2)

A

parental DNA being unwound
New strand being synthesized by DNA polymerase

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8
Q

what unwinds the two DNA strands

A

helicase

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9
Q

what conformation is adopted to relive the torsional stress of replication fork

A

supercoil

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10
Q

what enzyme helps with torsional strain and unwinding problems

A

topoisomerase

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11
Q

what does topoisomerase 1 do

A

it cuts one strand and seals it back together

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12
Q

what does topoisomerase 2 do

A

cuts both strands (double stranded nick)

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13
Q

which topoisomerase requires ATP

A

topoisomerase 2

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14
Q

whats the equivalent of topoisomerase 2 in bacteria

A

DNA gyrase (also ATP dependent)

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15
Q

does DNA polymerase require a primer

A

yes

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16
Q

what does DNA polymerase do

A

synthesizes new DNA strand from DNA template

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17
Q

how is the DNA template read

A

3’ -> 5’

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18
Q

what direction does the synthesis of the new DNA strand occur

A

5’ -> 3’

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19
Q

what is the primer made of

A

RNA polymerase called primase

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20
Q

what strand is synthesized continuously

A

leading strand

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21
Q

what DNA polymerase synthesizes leading strand

A

DNA polymerase III

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22
Q

how many primers does the leading strand need

23
Q

what fills the gaps between he Okazaki fragments

A

DNA polymerase I

24
Q

what removes the RNA primers

A

DNA polymerase I

25
what are the strands sealed by
DNA ligase
26
does helicase require ATP
yes
27
whats the helicase equivalent in bacteria
DnaB
28
what stabilizes the single strands from going back together in bacterial cells
single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSB)
29
what keeps polymerase associated with DNA in bacterial cells
B-clamp
30
what holds core polymerases in complex in bacterial cells
Tau subunit
31
what does the synthesizing of the new strand in bacterial cells
core polymerases within DNA polymerase III
32
what are the 3 activities of DNA polymerase I in bacterial cells
5' -> 3' DNA polymerase 5' -> 3' exonuclease 3' -> 5' exonuclease
33
what does proofreading in DNA replication in bacterial cells
DNA polymerase 1
34
what direction does DNA polymerase I digest in to fix mismatches in bacterial cells
3' -> 5'
35
are there multiple Origin sites for DNA replication in eukaryotes
yes
36
how many sites of origin are in prokaryotic cells
1
37
what protein is the recognition of origin of replication in eukaryotes
ORC protein
38
what manner is DNA synthesized in
semi discontinuous manner
39
how many DNA polymerase subunits do eukaryotes have for replication? what are they
5 gamma beta alpha delta (weird s?) epsilon (weird e)
40
what polymerase is involved in DNA synthesis for the lagging strand in eukaryotes
delta subunit
41
what polymerase is involved in DNA synthesis for the leading strand in eukaryotes
epsilon (weird e)
42
what polymerase is involved in DNA synthesis repair in eukaryotes
beta
43
what initiates Okazaki fragments in eukaryotic cells
alpha
44
whats the solution to lagging strand getting shorter in DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells
telomerase
45
what does telomerase bind to
template strand
46
when does DNA replication happen in the cell cycle
S phase
47
where does DNA replication happen in eukaryotes
nucleus
48
whats the shape of DNA in eukaryotes
linear and double stranded
49
is DNA replication slow or fast in eukaryotes
slow in eukaryotes
50
where does DNA replication happen in prokaryotes
cytoplasm
51
whats the structure of DNA in prokaryotes
circular and double stranded
52
what are the DNA polymerase used in DNA replication in prokaryotes
1 and 3
53
which cell has larger Okazaki fragments
prokaryotes
54
what are the 3 mechanisms to repair DNA
nucleotide excision repair base excision repair mismatch repair

BMSC 220 (22 decks)

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