Lecture 13 Genes and Genome 1

Question 1

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 1

Pairs of alleles are separated when gametes are formed

Question 2

Law of independent assortment

Answer 2

Pairs of alleles will be sorted independently of one another when gametes are formed

Question 3

Principle of dominance

Answer 3

One dominant allele will mask the effect of another recessive allele

Question 4

What are the two things that DNA structure had to explain

Answer 4

How genetic information is stored
How genetic information is copied

Question 5

What makes up a nucleotide

Answer 5

Sugar
Phosphate group
Base (AGTC)

Question 6

What’s the difference between nucleotide and nucleoside

Answer 6

Nucleotides have 3 things (sugar, base, phosphate)
Nucleoside has just a sugar and base (no phosphate)

Question 7

What are the purines

Answer 7

A
G

Question 8

What are the pyrimidines

Answer 8

C
T
U

Question 9

What’s the structure of purines

Answer 9

2 ringed

Question 10

What is Chargaffs rule

Answer 10

Purines = pyridines

Question 11

What is the interaction between base pairs

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

How many hydrogen bonds between A-T interactions

Answer 12

2

Question 13

How many hydrogen bonds between G-C bonds

Answer 13

.3

Question 14

What’s the backbone of DNA

Answer 14

Sugar phosphate

Question 15

What’s at the 5’ end

Answer 15

The phosphate group

Question 16

What’s at the 3’ end

Answer 16

Carbon 3 that could attach a phosphate

Question 17

What does 5’ to 3’ describe?

Answer 17

Which carbon the phosphate molecule is attached to

Question 18

What spiral do the two chains form

Answer 18

A right handed helices

Question 19

What’s a complete turn of DNA

Answer 19

10 base pairs

Question 20

Is there complimentary base sequences on each of the 2 strands?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is the central dogma

Answer 21

DNA to RNA to Protein

Question 22

What’s the process of DNA to RNA

Answer 22

Transcription

Question 23

What’s the process of RNA to protein

Answer 23

Translation

Question 24

Is transcription reversable

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

How many sets of chromosomes do humans have

Answer 25

23

Question 26

What's a karyotype

Answer 26

The screening test to determine chromosomal abnormalities

Question 27

How many sets of chromosomes do we have

Answer 27

23

Question 28

What is a gene

Answer 28

Segment of DNA that contains instructions to make a particular protein or RNA molecule

Question 29

What's a genome

Answer 29

The entirely of an organisms DNA

Question 30

Define a chromosome

Answer 30

Single, continuous DNA strand

Question 31

Define a nucleosome

Answer 31

Structural unit of DNA + histones Histones come together in groups of 8 to form "beads on a string'

Question 32

Define a chromatin fibre

Answer 32

Nucleosomes coiled into a chromatin fibre

Question 33

What are the 5 levels of chromosome organization

Answer 33

DNA double helix (chromosome) DNA wrapped around histone (nucleosome) Coiled chromatin Looped domain of chromatin Duplicated chromosome

Question 34

What is one of the most important functions of chromosomes

Answer 34

They contain information to make proteins

Question 35

When does gene expression and chromosome duplication happen

Answer 35

Interphase

Question 36

What is the site where DNA replication begins

Answer 36

Replication origin

Question 37

What is the protective cap

Answer 37

Telomere

Question 38

What protects DNA from degradation

Answer 38

Telomere

Question 39

What plays a role in separation of duplicated chromosomes

Answer 39

Centromere