Lecture 16 - Life Cycle Nutrition

Question 1

Is it true that baby takes everything from mom during pregnancy?

Answer 1

No, first mom gets nutrients then placenta then baby.

-Baby only takes up Fe towards the end

Question 2

What should you do to prepare for pregnancy?

Answer 2

• Achieve and maintain healthy body weight
• physically active
• Blanaced diet

Question 3

In which trimester are abortions common?

Answer 3

T1 and T2 because mom might not even know she is pregnant at this time

Question 4

What are critical periods?

Answer 4

Times of intense development and rapid cell division that only happen at certain times

Question 5

Why is there folate supplementation in food?

Answer 5

Because at this time women don’t really know if they are pregnant so in order to project them just in case

Question 6

What is the critical period for neural tube development?

Answer 6

17-30 days of gestation

Question 7

What happens when moms have periods of undernutrition?

Answer 7

Periods of undernutrition during key or regular parts of development could result in the underdevelopment of an organ which may lead to chronic disease for the baby

Question 8

What is the most reliable measure of infant health?

Answer 8

Birthweight

Question 9

Does weigh prior to conception affect baby?

Answer 9

yes can influence fetal growth

• undeerweight: increase preterm birth and infant death
• Overweight: medical complications and risk for infant

Question 10

What happens if mom ingests a lot of glucose?

Answer 10

Glucose is transferred to the baby and then it can have a higher chance of developing diabetes at a younger age

Question 11

How much weight gain is recommended?

Answer 11

Based on prepregnancy BMI
Normal weight- 25-35lbs
Underweight- 28-40lbs
Overweight- 15-25lbs

Question 12

When are you not supposed to gain weight?

Answer 12

First trimester, but nutrient needs are very high

Question 13

How many extra cals/day are women supposed to consumed based on their trimester?

Answer 13

1-0kcals
2-340kcals
3-450kclas

Question 14

How many carbs are you supposed to intake?

Answer 14

135g/day

-want baby to grow on glucose and not ketone bodies

Question 15

What is the protein requirement?

Answer 15

+25g/day

Question 16

What is the fat requirement ?

Answer 16

no set limit but essential fatty acids are required DHA & EPA

Question 17

What is morning sickness caused by and when does it happen??

Answer 17

Usually all day for 20 weeks, and caused by hormonal changes

Question 18

What side effects of pregnancy occur due to baby crowding organs?

Answer 18

• Constipation and haemorrhoids
• Heartburn
• Food cravings

Question 19

What is Pica?

Answer 19

When you eat non food items, usually hormone related and associated with iron deficiency anemia

Question 20

What contributes to hale of children deaths world wide?

Answer 20

Malnutition coupled with LBW

Question 21

How might Malnutrition impact fertility?

Answer 21

Reduce production of viable sperm

Amenorrheea

Question 22

How might malnutrition impact early stages of pregnancy?

Answer 22

affects healthy placenta development

Question 23

How might malnutrition impact fetal development?

Answer 23

• fetal growth retardation
• congenital malformations
• spontaneous abortions and stillbirth
• Preterm

Question 24

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 24

Develops in second half and leads to complications during labour and high infant birthweight
-can result in birth defects

Question 25

What is the problem with having a baby when you are an adolescent?

Answer 25

Young moms are not fully developed and produce a lot of stress on the body

Question 26

What is the problem with having a baby when you are older?

Answer 26

Complications often reflect a chronic condition Risk to fetus

Question 27

What heavy metals are especially bad for pregnancy?

Answer 27

Lead and Mercury

Question 28

What bacterial illness are pregnant women most susceptible too?

Answer 28

20x more likely to get Listeria, found in soft cheese, unpasteurized products and frozen food. -because of increased stress and reduced immune system they are more susceptible and risk to baby is serious

Question 29

Why is caffeine bad for pregnancy?

Answer 29

- Crosses placenta - Baby has limits to how much it can metabolize - limit of 300mg/day ~2 cups

Question 30

Why is alcohol bad for pregnancy?

Answer 30

Intoxication diffuses right into the embryo and effects cell development and can also cross the placenta -irreversible effects

Question 31

What other toxic substances can cross to the baby?

Answer 31

Smoking and tobacco: restricts blood supply and O2 | Cannabis: lower birthweight, longer term developmental effects

Question 32

When should you return to your pre baby weight?

Answer 32

Within the year of having a baby | -shouldnt put a lot of emphasis on the 1st couple weeks

Question 33

Does everyone return to their probably weight?

Answer 33

No, with every abby you retain extra kgs

Question 34

Can you lose weight if you breast feed?

Answer 34

No, doesn't automatically mean weightloss

Question 35

Does milk quality change?

Answer 35

No, you are pulling from moms nutrient stores which is the only time the baby is like leaching off of you

Question 36

What is the difference between lactation and breastfeeding?

Answer 36

Lactation: an automatic physiological process and releases hormones Breastfeeding: A learned behaviour from both mom and baby

Question 37

What excretes milk?

Answer 37

Mammary glands | -hormones promote the growth and branching of the duct system and development of milk producing cells

Question 38

How are hormones released during breastfeeding?

Answer 38

Demand for milk

Question 39

What does breastfeeding release?

Answer 39

Oxytocin: ejection of milk (let down reflex)

Question 40

How many moms stop breastfeeding within half a year?

Answer 40

1/2 of moms

Question 41

How much energy does it take to produce 750ml of milk?

Answer 41

+500kcals - 1st 6 months +330kcal from food and rest from fat - 2nd 6 months +400kclas

Question 42

How much protein and fat should mom get after baby?

Answer 42

About the same as prebaby

Question 43

What is mom requirement for carbs and fibre after baby?

Answer 43

Intake should increase from pregnancy amount

Question 44

What do nutritional inadequacies do to milk?

Answer 44

Affect the quantity of milk, not quality because that never changes

Question 45

Can cannabis, caffiene and smoking transfer into breastmilk?

Answer 45

Yes they all can | -willl have stronger effect on the baby cause organs are not fully developed to handle these things yet

Question 46

What does first years growth reflect?

Answer 46

Growth directly reflects nutrient intake

Question 47

what is used for growth assessment?

Answer 47

Hight and weight and compared to a standard growth curve

Question 48

At 5 months what should the weight be?

Answer 48

Doubled

Question 49

At one year what should the weight be?

Answer 49

Triples by 1 year

Question 50

what is the energy requirement for an infant?

Answer 50

2x that of an adult | -100kcal/kg

Question 51

What is the breakdown of breastmilk?

Answer 51

~50% Fat ~44% Carb ~6% Protein

Question 52

Why is breastmilk mostly fat?

Answer 52

A lot more energy in fat than carbs, and to reduce stress on their kidneys because they are not fully developed

Question 53

When are allergenic foods introduced to baby?

Answer 53

anywhere between 4-11months

Question 54

What is in breastmilk that is not in formula?

Answer 54

- Immunological protection - Colostrum - Bifidus: Healthy bacteria - Lactoferrin: helps absorb Fe - Lactadherin: virus protection

Question 55

What is colostrum?

Answer 55

Yellow serum is the first milk a baby gets filled with antibodies and immune factors

Question 56

When is it appropriate to introduce cows milk?

Answer 56

Around 9 months because cows milk has a lot of protein in it which puts stress on kidneys

Question 57

What is a food allergy?

Answer 57

Stimulates and immunological response and involves antibodies -may or may not have symptoms

Question 58

What are the most common allergenic foods?

Answer 58

``` Peanuts Tree Nuts Milk Eggs Wheat Soybeans Fish and Shelfish -can grow out of allergen but peanut usually persist for 4 years ```

Question 59

What is a food intolerance?

Answer 59

No antibodies involved, no immune response, probably stomach ache, nausea, hives

Question 60

Why is self feeding a good thing?

Answer 60

Helps stimulate the mouth so its safer and protects against chocking and more likely to speak sooner

Question 61

When you are nutrient deficient what can you child show signs of?

Answer 61

Attention and behaviour problems

Question 62

What does colour dye do to kids?

Answer 62

May further effect kids who are already prone to hypreactivity

Question 63

What is a balanced school day?

Answer 63

When there are 2 lunch periods

Question 64

During adolescence which nutrients are very important and for which sex?

Answer 64

Females need way more iron | -menstruation losses