Lecture 16: General principles of cell signalling Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three roles cell communication is needed for?

A

Development
Tissue repair
Homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the two general categories of signals?

A

Signals generated by cell to cell contact
Signals generated by free diffusion of ligands

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of signalling by cell to cell contact?

A

No release of secreted molecules
Cells make direct contact
Signals in plasma membrane

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4
Q

What is signalling by free diffusion of ligands that can cross the plasma membrane?

A

Hydrophobic small molecules
Diffuse across plasma membrane and bind receptors in cell

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5
Q

What is signalling by free diffusion of ligands that can’t cross plasma membrane?

A

Big or hydrophilic
Bind receptors on cell surface
Receptors pass information inside

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6
Q

What is local paracrine signalling?

A

Mostly within one tissue
Diffusion of signals over short distance

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7
Q

What is local neuronal signalling?

A

Neurotransmitters act as signal
Local between two cells in synaptic cleft

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8
Q

What is remote endocrine signalling?

A

Endocrine cells make hormones
Act over whole body via blood stream

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9
Q

What are the three major families of receptors?

A

Ion channel coupled
G protein coupled
Enzyme coupled

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10
Q

What is the response of ion channel coupled receptors?

A

Open or close

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11
Q

What is the response of G protein coupled receptors?

A

Activate G protein

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12
Q

What is the response of enzyme coupled receptors

A

Activate catalytic activity of intrinsic or associated enzyme

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