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From Molecules to Cells > Lecture 14: Cells , organs and tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Cells , organs and tissues Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four major tissue types?

A

Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial muscle and nervous tissue?

A

Little extracellular matrix
Intermediate filaments and cell-cell junctions for strength

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tisseus?

A

Lots of extracellular matrix for strength
Few cells

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4
Q

How are epithelia organised?

A

Cells organised into sheets that can be rolled into tubes
Cover a surface or line a cavity

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5
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Forms a seal between cells and stops diffusion across epithelial sheet

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of tight junctions?

A

In vertebrates
Made of strands of occludin and claudin
Let in lipids but not proteins
Separate apical and basolateral

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7
Q

What is transcytosis?

A

Polarised transport of proteins from one side of the epithelium to the other

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8
Q

What are the three cytoskeleton linked cell cell junctions in epithelia?

A

Adherens junction
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome

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9
Q

What do adherens junctions and desmosomes link?

A

Link cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to their neighbours
Use cadherins

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10
Q

What do hemidesmosomes link?

A

Link cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to basal lamina
Use integrins

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11
Q

What is the role of cadherins?

A

Mediate mechanical attachment of epithelial cells to neighbours

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12
Q

What is the cadherin family?

A

Transmembrane proteins in plasma membrane
Bind to identical cadherin in next cell
Interaction requires calcium

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13
Q

What is an adhesion belt?

A

Continuous band of adherens junctions

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14
Q

What are adherens junctions made up of?

A

Cadherins linked to actin filaments

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15
Q

What is the role of cadherin?

A

To bind to an identical cadherin in the next cells
Specific cadherins determine which cells can interact

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16
Q

What type of cadherin is expressed by epithelial cells?

A

E cadherin

17
Q

What type of cadherin is expressed by muscle cells?

A

N cadherin

18
Q

What are the roles of cell-cell interactions in preventing cancer?

A

Specific cadherins let cells recognise each other
Cancer cells don’t express the right cadherin anymore
They might secrete more matrix proteases and digest the basal lamina and escape

19
Q

What is an example of cancer cells expressing the incorrect type of cadherin?

A

Expressing N instead of E will make the cells more motile

20
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Membranes are close together
Have connexons that allow transfer of inorganic ions and small water soluble molecules between cells

21
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

The plant equivalent of gap junctions
Large molecules can pass through

From Molecules to Cells (23 decks)

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