Lecture 16

Question 1

nitrogen fertiliser uses large amounts of finite and polluting ___ energy

Answer 1

fossil fuel

Question 2

phosphorous fertiliser uses large amounts of finite___ that are running

Answer 2

rocks

Question 3

need to provide __ rewards to farmers for ecosystem service benefits

Answer 3

financial

—subsidies linked to effective agri-environment schemes improved on the precious implementation of EU farm payments

Question 4

moral dimension:

Answer 4

• humans are realising we have to take responsibility

- pressure on scientists as the know more, however important scientists don’t come to conclusions that are wrong

Question 5

connection with plants and soil throughout year s

Answer 5

became urbanised, loss of touch with soil and land and plants etc

Question 6

lost __% of the worlds productive topsoils in the past 40 years

Answer 6

33%

Question 7

tragedy of commons:

Answer 7

herdsmen and shared and and sheep

• b of adding sheep more than c of less grazing land as this is shared
• but everyone does this. think of yourself
• must convince people to change behaviour for sustainability
• requires both technical and behavioural changes to achieve optimal solutions, requires altruistic actions

Question 8

our generation

Answer 8

first generation to realise our actions effect others

- first gen to calculate ecological footprint and to realise its unstable

Question 9

religion and sustainability:

Answer 9

• confusing messages provided = christianity

Question 10

farmers incomes are highly dependent on prices competing with __ and rely on

Answer 10

EU countries and rely on EU subsidies and exchange rates

-BREXIT = uncertainty

Question 11

State of UK dairy industry

Answer 11

2010 received about 29p / l they sold, cost them 30p to produce

• half of britains dairy farmers went out of business from 2000-2010
• we are squeezing the cows too much (ethical issues)
• SOLUTION? cut out middle man, farmers increase profit selling to farmers market not supermarket
• example Our Cow Molly

Question 12

agroecology:

Answer 12

based on ecological principles such as recycling wastes, minimising energy and water use, max genetic diversity, regenerating soil and increasing it carbon content, integrating livestock and crops
– permaculture element of this (sustainable agriculture)

Question 13

3 components of permaculture

Answer 13

• care for earth
• care for people
• fair share

Question 14

investments are where in agriculture at the moment?

Answer 14

big industrial agriculture, small is beautiful (farms and systems)
-not enough in journals about agriculture

Question 15

only _% of agriculture land in th eUK is used for cultivation of fruits and veg,, but we are ___ self-suffificient in veg

Answer 15

7% of land for F&V

60% s-s
—can grow a lot on not a lot

Question 16

less than __ of EU crop land used to grow legumes

Answer 16

2%

Question 17

only __% of nitrogen added globally to crops is taken up by crops

Answer 17

47%

–symbioses nitrogen is not being exploited

Question 18

intercropping:
intercropping increases gross energy production by___

increases gross incomes by ___

Answer 18

• not got to grips w this yet in UK
• intercropping increases gross energy production by 38%
• increases gross incomes by 33% (often legumes & non legumes productive)

Question 19

wind farms onshore and solar:

Answer 19

• wind: negligible impacts on food production

- solar on land? no as takes up land. Other places better for them (Disused RAF arifield) , under panels land is poor

Question 20

can we feed the world wo destorying the earth?

Answer 20

• small mixed farms may be more sustainable than larger enterprises
• farms can provide energy (solar,wind)
• farmers direct sell to public
• red meat/dairy and red waste

Question 21

technological soultions for permaculture:

Answer 21

• precision agriculture
• -use of aerial surveillance
• -targeted and red pesticide, herbicide and fungicide use
• • robotic weeding
• -conservation // 0 tillage
• -crop rotations, trad leys containing legumes to rebuild soils
• diverse & long crop rotations
• add compost / organic matter
• inject animal slurries into soil