Lecture 15

Question 1

world population growth

Answer 1

80% probability that the 7.2 billion pop will increase to 11 billion by 2100
-papers such as Charles et al 2010 identify the prob wi feeding increasing pop

Question 2

as human population increases, so does the size of

Answer 2

the ‘footprint’ we leave on earth

Question 3

Al Gore: Earth in the Balance

Answer 3

• agricultural squeezes what u can get out of one harvest, irrespective of future
• high yield in US ruined soil
• inappropriate irrigation = saline soils
• fertiliser and pesticide run offs groundwater contamination

Question 4

young peoples burden: requirement of negative CO2 emissions

Answer 4

Hansen et al 2017

• • continued fossil fuel burning means young people ‘clean up’ requirement or grow organisms w remove CO2
• • BUT THIS IS ALL V COSTLY
• • carbon capture by enhances weathering e.g. using basalt dust needs further research to work out costs BUT WILL BE EXPENSIVE
• -much cheaper to stop producing it now

Question 5

wealth and energy consumption are ___

Answer 5

related

– as developing countries develop more wealth more energy demand

Question 6

were living at the moment in ecological ____

Answer 6

debt

–using more than we have, and finite resources especially

Question 7

humans are consuming the ecospheres wealth faster than the ecosphere can

Answer 7

renew itself

• • myth is that global development characterised by unlimited economic expansion
• need to rethink the carbon-based economy

Question 8

world population and personal wealth

Answer 8

• top 20% earn over 80% of world income
• but doesn’t lead to happiness
• no relationship between income and lifetime expectancy

Question 9

being richer and having more ‘stuff’ does not guarantee the

Answer 9

paradise on earth we would like, but helps to destroy the earth and harm society

Question 10

global food demand and sustainable intensification of agriculture:

Answer 10

Tilman et al 2011

– as the world gets richer the diets change (more calories) this has to be considered to be supported

Question 11

choice of food and volume

Answer 11

change of diet, we could feed the world by not destroying ourselves
– less meat, and more crops direct consumption

Question 12

5 a day UK adults

Answer 12

63-70% of adults not meeting 5 a day target

Question 13

type of food group most wasted in UK

Answer 13

fresh produce, what we need the most

-all the energy used (transport, cultivation) is also wasted

Question 14

there are nearly __ people malnourished in the world because of lack of food, whilst over __ billion are overweight

Answer 14

• 1 billion malnourished

- 2.1 billion overweight

Question 15

global agriculture and food production release more than __% of ghg emissions

Answer 15

Tilman and Clark 2014

25%
–IN UK about 20%

Question 16

ghg emissions per calorie increase through

Answer 16

cereals, veg and fruits to dairy, eggs fish and meat

Question 17

what is the most ghg intensive food form

Answer 17

ruminant-derived meat

Question 18

Vegetarian and mediterranean diets rich _____ are significantly more healthy and the global-average diet

Answer 18

leafy veg and fruits

Question 19

if dietary trends continue it is predicted that 2/3rd of the global burden of disease will be due to

Answer 19

food intake by 2050

Question 20

global changes in diets, away from ‘western’ style diets would result in significant triple benefits…

Answer 20

nutrition, the environment, and human health

Question 21

global changes in diets would hugely reduce the _____

Answer 21

requirements for further expansion of agricultural land into natural ecosystems

Question 22

Foley et al 2011 system =

Answer 22

for certifying foods based on how well each one delivers nutrition and food security and limits environmental and social costs